Exam I Review Part II (Vulvar, Vagina, Cervix Neoplasias)

Question 1

What are the 3 names & types of cancers involved with the vulva, vagina, and cervix?

Answer 1

1.Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)-Sq Cell Carcinoma 2. Carcinoma of the Vagina-Sq Cell Carcinoma 3. Carcinoma of the Cervix-Sq.Cell Carcinoma

Question 2

What % of GYN cancers is Carcinoma of the Vulva?

Answer 2

3%

Question 3

What % of GYN cancers is Carcinoma of the Vagina?

Answer 3

2%

Question 4

What is the Stage I survival rate for carcinoma of the vagina? What about Stage IV?

Answer 4

Stage I: 80% Stage IV:20%

Question 5

Which GYN cancer accounts for approx. 20% of all malignant tumors of the female reproductive tract, but accounts for more deaths than cancer of the body of the uterus, vagina, and vulva together.

Answer 5

Carcinoma of the Cervix

Question 6

Which Carcinoma is associated with HPV?

Answer 6

Cervical Cancer

Question 7

What % of all malignant tumors of the reproductive tract are associated with Carcinoma of the Cervix?

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

What are the FOUR risk factors for Cervical Cancer?

Answer 8

1. Sexual Intercourse at an Early Age 2.Multiple Sex Partners 3.HPV infection 4.VD’s: Herpes/Syphilis

Question 9

What is a DYSPLASIA?

Answer 9

Lack of Normal maturation of squamous epithelium

Question 10

What are the grades & abbreviations of dysplasia in cervical cancer? What is a CIN?

Answer 10

CIN-Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia……1. Mild-CIN I 2.Moderate-CIN II 3.Severe-CIN III

Question 11

How are the grades of dysplasia determined on a histological sample?

Answer 11

1.CIN I - Basal cells extend 1/3 from Basement Membrane 2. CIN II - Basal Cells extend 2/3 from BM 3. CIN III - basal cells are the ‘full thickness’ of the tissue’

Question 12

What type of lesion is a CIN III dysplasia: Invasive or In-Situ?

Answer 12

In-Situ

Question 13

What is the most common cause of death in advanced cervical cancer?

Answer 13

RENAL FAILURE…complete urinary tract obstruction by the neoplasm

Question 14

When is a cancer no longer considered in-situ and is now invasive?

Answer 14

When cancer cells cross the Basement Membrane and extend into the underlying connective tissue stroma

Question 15

What is CIS?

Answer 15

Carcinoma In Situ

Question 16

What are the three causes of a Bartholin Gland Cyst?

Answer 16

Staph, Chlamydia, and anerobes

Question 17

What can happen if a Bartholin gland cyst gets infected?

Answer 17

It can turn in to an abscess

Question 18

What is abnormal growth of the vulvar skin characterized by white plaques, atrophy of the skin, and a parchment-like consistency to the skin with contracture of the vulvar tissue?

Answer 18

Lichen Sclerosis

Question 19

Which pathology is associated with middle aged to older women: Bartholin gland cyst or Lichen Sclerosis?

Answer 19

Lichen Sclerosis

Question 20

Does Lichen sclerosis have malignant potential?

Answer 20

Nope

Question 21

What are the 3 congenital abnormalities of the Uterus?

Answer 21

1. Bicornis (septate) uterus 2.Uterus Didelphys 3.Uterus Septae

Question 22

_________ is a uterus with a common fused wall between two distinct uterine cavities. Due to a failure of the common wall between the apposed mullerian ducts to degenerate, forming a single uterine cavity.

Answer 22

Bicornis (septate) Uterus

Question 23

_________ refers to a double uterus with a double vagina. Again due to failure of the two mullerian ducts to fuse during embryonic life.

Answer 23

Uterus Di-del-phys

Question 24

________ refers to a single uterus with a partial remaining septum, owing to failure of the wall of the fused mullerian ducts to fully resorb.

Answer 24

Uterus Septae

Question 25

Which uterine malformation is a 'heart' shape?

Answer 25

Bicornis (Septate) Uterus

Question 26

Each breast consists of 15-20 _____, or compartments, separated by ______ tissue.

Answer 26

lobes....adipose

Question 27

In each lobe are several _______, composed of connective tissue, in which milk-secreting cells referred to as ______ are embedded.

Answer 27

lobules.....alveolar (asceni) cells

Question 28

Between the lobules are strands of C.T. called the ___________.

Answer 28

Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper

Question 29

Breast DUCTS take milk from _____ to _____.

Answer 29

Lobule to Ampullae (storage underneath areola/nipple)

Question 30

Which Stage of Cervical Cancer?? No gross lesions. The carcinoma is limited to the mucosa (CIS).

Answer 30

Stage 0

Question 31

Which Stage of Cervical Cancer?? Invasive but CONFINED to the cervix. What is the prognosis? (%)

Answer 31

Stage I..87% 5 yr survival

Question 32

Which Stage of Cervical Cancer?? Cancer extends beyond the cervix, not reaching the pelvic wall or upper vagina. What is the prognosis? (%)

Answer 32

Stage II...75% 5 yr survival

Question 33

Which Stage of Cervical Cancer?? Cancer reaches the pelvic wall and invades the lower third of the vagina. What is the prognosis? (%)

Answer 33

Stage III...35% 5 yr survival

Question 34

Which Stage of Cervical Cancer?? Cancer has spread beyond the pelvis and has infiltrated adjacent organs. What is the prognosis? (%)

Answer 34

Stage IV...15% 5 yr survival