exam three (attention)

Question 1

ability to focus on one aspect of sensory input; preferentially process some info and ignore the rest

Answer 1

attention

Question 2

engaging in a task causes increased brain activity in task-relevant areas and decreased activity in others

Answer 2

state-dependent brain activity

Question 3

neurons involved in PROCESSING of ongoing perceptual or motor information are more active whenn

Answer 3

resting state of brain

Question 4

what two areas are active at rest (default mode network)

Answer 4

medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex

Question 5

there is ____ activity between medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus (parietal cortex, hippocampus) during rest

Answer 5

synchronized

Question 6

hypothesis that says the default mode network is important because it is broadly monitoring the environment while at rest

Answer 6

the sentinel hypothesis

Question 7

the hypothesis that says the default mode network is important because it supports thinking and remembering like daydreaming

Answer 7

the internal mentation hypothesis

Question 8

attention has a limited capacity, this type of attention is directed; filters out unnecessary input

Answer 8

selective attention

Question 9

“bottom-up” control; a stimulus attracts our attention

Answer 9

exogenous attention

Question 10

“top-down” control; deliberately directed by the brain for behavioral goal

Answer 10

endogenous attention

Question 11

behavioral consequences of attention: if the cue is invalid (on the wrong side) what is the response time

Answer 11

slower

Question 12

_____ improves reaction time

Answer 12

attention

Question 13

you will more accurately detect new things if they aren’t in your area of focus: true or false?

Answer 13

false (attention enhances visual detection)

Question 14

brain activity measured by fMRI shows that brain activity shifts ______ following spotlight of attention independent from eye movement

Answer 14

retinotopically

Question 15

analysis of visual motion and the visual control of action (stream)

Answer 15

dorsal

Question 16

perception of the visual world and the recognition of objects (stream)

Answer 16

ventral

Question 17

speed of motion activates what area of the brain

Answer 17

area MT

Question 18

color and shape activate what area of the brain

Answer 18

V4 and area IT

Question 19

the ____ nucleus has connections with V1, V2, MT, IT; fire when stimuli are in receptive field and attention field

Answer 19

pulvinar

Question 20

the __ ____ ___ have connections with V2, V3, V4, MT and parietal cortex; have motor fields and eyes make rapid saccade to specific area of visual field

Answer 20

frontal eye fields

Question 21

shows location of obvious/salient features (due to bottom-up attention

Answer 21

salience map

Question 22

shows locations where attention should be directed (both bottom up and top down processing)

Answer 22

priority map

Question 23

where is the priority map located in the parietal lobe

Answer 23

LIP: lateral intraparietal cortex

Question 24

frontoparietal attention network: 1. input about a conspicuous object from visual areas in the occipital lobe reaches LIP
2. construction of salience map in LIP
3. visual processing is enhance; eyes may move

Answer 24

bottom-up processing

Question 25

frontoparietal attention network: 1. attention effects occur first in frontal and parietal areas 2. priority map in FEF and LIP 3. visual processing is enhanced; eyes may move

Answer 25

top-down processing

Question 26

what are the two major symptom domains of ADHD

Answer 26

inattention and hyperactivity

Question 27

what is the most prevalent childhood disorder

Answer 27

ADHD

Question 28

about ___% of childhood ADHD sufferers will persist into adulthood

Answer 28

50

Question 29

what brain region is likely responsible for ADHD

Answer 29

prefrontal cortex

Question 30

the pyramidal neurons are innervated by what NT in the prefrontal cortex

Answer 30

NE and dopamine

Question 31

The NE activation of the alpha 2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex enhance the relevant ____

Answer 31

signals

Question 32

the DA receptors of the D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex weakens irrelevant sensory input which are

Answer 32

noises

Question 33

_____ in low doses produce a calming effect in less than 50% of children with ADHD

Answer 33

psychostimulants

Question 34

ignoring half of the spatial/visual world despite normal visual function

Answer 34

hemispatial neglect (left neglect is more common)

Question 35

where is the damage location for hemispatial neglect

Answer 35

right posterior parietal cortex

Question 36

consciousness arises from physical processes; based on structure and function of nervous system

Answer 36

materialist perspective

Question 37

mind (conscious) and body are different things; one cannot fully explain the other

Answer 37

mind-body dualism

Question 38

the minimal neuronal events sufficient for a specific conscious perception

Answer 38

NCC

Question 39

bistable images ask whether ______ changes as perception changes

Answer 39

consciousness