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Systems of Neuroscience > exam three (attention) > Flashcards

exam three (attention) Flashcards

1
Q

ability to focus on one aspect of sensory input; preferentially process some info and ignore the rest

A

attention

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2
Q

engaging in a task causes increased brain activity in task-relevant areas and decreased activity in others

A

state-dependent brain activity

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3
Q

neurons involved in PROCESSING of ongoing perceptual or motor information are more active whenn

A

resting state of brain

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4
Q

what two areas are active at rest (default mode network)

A

medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex

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5
Q

there is ____ activity between medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus (parietal cortex, hippocampus) during rest

A

synchronized

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6
Q

hypothesis that says the default mode network is important because it is broadly monitoring the environment while at rest

A

the sentinel hypothesis

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7
Q

the hypothesis that says the default mode network is important because it supports thinking and remembering like daydreaming

A

the internal mentation hypothesis

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8
Q

attention has a limited capacity, this type of attention is directed; filters out unnecessary input

A

selective attention

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9
Q

“bottom-up” control; a stimulus attracts our attention

A

exogenous attention

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10
Q

“top-down” control; deliberately directed by the brain for behavioral goal

A

endogenous attention

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11
Q

behavioral consequences of attention: if the cue is invalid (on the wrong side) what is the response time

A

slower

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12
Q

_____ improves reaction time

A

attention

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13
Q

you will more accurately detect new things if they aren’t in your area of focus: true or false?

A

false (attention enhances visual detection)

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14
Q

brain activity measured by fMRI shows that brain activity shifts ______ following spotlight of attention independent from eye movement

A

retinotopically

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15
Q

analysis of visual motion and the visual control of action (stream)

A

dorsal

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16
Q

perception of the visual world and the recognition of objects (stream)

A

ventral

17
Q

speed of motion activates what area of the brain

A

area MT

18
Q

color and shape activate what area of the brain

A

V4 and area IT

19
Q

the ____ nucleus has connections with V1, V2, MT, IT; fire when stimuli are in receptive field and attention field

A

pulvinar

20
Q

the __ ____ ___ have connections with V2, V3, V4, MT and parietal cortex; have motor fields and eyes make rapid saccade to specific area of visual field

A

frontal eye fields

21
Q

shows location of obvious/salient features (due to bottom-up attention

A

salience map

22
Q

shows locations where attention should be directed (both bottom up and top down processing)

A

priority map

23
Q

where is the priority map located in the parietal lobe

A

LIP: lateral intraparietal cortex

24
Q

frontoparietal attention network: 1. input about a conspicuous object from visual areas in the occipital lobe reaches LIP
2. construction of salience map in LIP
3. visual processing is enhance; eyes may move

A

bottom-up processing

25
Q

frontoparietal attention network:
1. attention effects occur first in frontal and parietal areas
2. priority map in FEF and LIP
3. visual processing is enhanced; eyes may move

A

top-down processing

26
Q

what are the two major symptom domains of ADHD

A

inattention and hyperactivity

27
Q

what is the most prevalent childhood disorder

A

ADHD

28
Q

about ___% of childhood ADHD sufferers will persist into adulthood

A

50

29
Q

what brain region is likely responsible for ADHD

A

prefrontal cortex

30
Q

the pyramidal neurons are innervated by what NT in the prefrontal cortex

A

NE and dopamine

31
Q

The NE activation of the alpha 2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex enhance the relevant ____

A

signals

32
Q

the DA receptors of the D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex weakens irrelevant sensory input which are

A

noises

33
Q

_____ in low doses produce a calming effect in less than 50% of children with ADHD

A

psychostimulants

34
Q

ignoring half of the spatial/visual world despite normal visual function

A

hemispatial neglect (left neglect is more common)

35
Q

where is the damage location for hemispatial neglect

A

right posterior parietal cortex

36
Q

consciousness arises from physical processes; based on structure and function of nervous system

A

materialist perspective

37
Q

mind (conscious) and body are different things; one cannot fully explain the other

A

mind-body dualism

38
Q

the minimal neuronal events sufficient for a specific conscious perception

A

NCC

39
Q

bistable images ask whether ______ changes as perception changes

A

consciousness

Systems of Neuroscience (13 decks)

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