Extra Patho Flashcards
0
Q
Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions
A
Russell bodies
MM
1
Q
Nuclear remnants are phagocytosed by interspersed macrophages with abundant clear cytoplasm
A
Starry sky pattern
Burkitt’s lymphoma
2
Q
Blue globular nuclear inclusions
A
Dutcher bodies
MM
3
Q
Needle like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts
A
AUER RODS!!
AML
highest in APML
4
Q
Patches of dilated ER that appear as sky blue cytoplasmic puddles
A
Dohle bodies
Severe infection
5
Q
Scattered macrophages with abundant wrinkled green blue cytoplasm
A
Sea blue histiocytes
CML
6
Q
Thrombocytopenia
A
Less than 150,000
7
Q
Chloroma
A
Focus of leukemia outside BM
8
Q
Large cells with multiple nuclei or a single nucleus with multiple nuclear lobes
A
Reed sternberg
Hodgkins
9
Q
Seen in adult t-cell lymphoma - appears as multilobulated nuclei
A
Cloverleaf or flower cells
Adult t-cell lymphoma
HTLV-1
10
Q
RBCs in PBS stick in linear arrays - because of what protein?
A
M protein
Rouleux formation/ caterpillar
MM
11
Q
Erythroblasts with iron laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules
A
Ringed sideroblasts
Sideroblastic anemia, INH, lead poisoning, copper, mm, b6 deficiency
12
Q
Neutrophils with only two nuclear lobes
A
Pseudo Pelger Huet cells
MDS
13
Q
Neutrophils with more than 5 lobes
A
Megaloblastic anemia
14
Q
Pink round to oval cytoplasmic inclusions
A
Negri bodies
15
Q
Pawn ball megakaryocytes
A
MDS
16
Q
Megakaryocytes with single nuclear lobe of multiple separate nuclei
A
Pawn ball megakaryocytes
MDS
17
Q
Premature release of nucleated erythroid and early granulocyte progenitors
A
Leukoeythroblastosis
Primary Myelofibrosis
18
Q
Hallmark of primary Myelofibrosis
A
Development of obliterative marrow fibrosis
19
Q
Small yellow to brown or rust colored foci in the spleen
A
Gandy gamma nodules
Splenic congestion
20
Q
Macrophages in connective tissue
A
Sinus histiocytes
21
Q
Omaya reservoir
A
Intrathecal
For sanctuary sites - CNS, testes
22
Q
Number (%) of myeloblasts in AML
A
Equal to or more than 20%
23
Q
MC physical finding in CML
A
Splenomegaly
24
Blast crisis
20% and above
25
Stain for hairy cell leukemia
Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)
26
MC variant of Hodgkins
Lacunar variant RS cells
Nodular sclerosis (not scary!)
27
Popcorn cells
Lymphocyte predominant HL
| Good prognosis
28
Hodgkins with highest count of Reed sternberg cells
Lymphocyte depleted
| Poor prognosis
29
MC type of NHL
Diffuse b cell
30
Burkitt - chromosome?
Chromosome 8
| C-myc
31
NHL - does not have centroblasts and proliferation centers
Mantle cell lymphoma
32
Mantle cell lymphoma
t 11,14
Cyclin d1
Poor prognosis
33
MG, pure red cell aplasia
Thymoma
34
MM - spike? Ig?
M protein spike
| Ig G
35
Femtoliters
Average volume
MCV
80-100
36
Mass of hemoglobin per red cell
MCH
Pictograms
Hypo or hyper chromic
37
Hg in a given volume of PRBC
MCHC
| g/dl
38
Parvovirus b19 - infection of red cells
Aplastic crisis
39
Membrane bound precipitates on denatured globin chains
Heinz bodies
| G6PD def
40
Small dark nuclear remnants present in RBCs of asplenic patients
Howell Jowell :)
| Asplenia
41
Dehydrated RBCs
Target cells
Codocytes/ Mexican hat cells
B-thalassemia, sickle cell
42
Helmet cells
Schistocytes
RBC trauma
DIC, HUS
43
Echinocytes
Burr cells
RBCs
With spikes
Valve replacement
44
Giant metamyelocytes
Megaloblastic anemia
45
Absorption of iron - where?
Proximal duodenum
46
Absorption of Vit b12
Terminal ileum
47
Platelet level in Bernard Soulier
Decreased
48
Triad of hemolytic anemia
Pallor
Jaundice
Splenomegaly
49
MCC of death of PNH
Thrombosis
50
PNH - deficiency
Decay accelerating factor
51
Chloramphenicol, Benzene
Aplastic anemia
52
Most feared complication of ITP
Intracranial bleeding
53
HUS triad
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure
54
Von willebrand disease - platelet count
Normal
55
VWD - treatment?
Desmopressin
56
Hemophilia most common site of hemarthrosis
Ankles
57
MC site of hydronephrosis
Left ureter
58
Mc site of hydrocele
Right
59
Pruritic, red, crusted, sharply demarcated, map like area usually on the labia majora
Extra mammary Paget's disease
60
Screening PSA
```
>= 50 if low risk
>= 40 if high risk
```
61
Screening for cervical CA
21 to or within 3 years of sexual activity
62
MC presentation of endometriosis
Infertility
63
Dermoid cyst - mature or immature teratoma?
Mature
64
MC germ cell neoplasm
Mature teratoma/ dermoid cyst
65
Malignant non-germ cell neoplasm associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei
Mucinous cystadeoCA
66
Complete mole
69 XXY
Empty egg
67
Partial mole
46 XX
46 XY
2 sperm, 1 egg
68
Presents with malignant cells extending from within ductal system, via lactiferous sinuses, into skin without crossing the BM
Paget's disease of nipple
69
Always an incidental finding on biopsy
| Abnormal cells with oval or round nuclei and small nucleoli
Lobar carcinoma in situ
Lack e-cadherin
70
Signet ring cells arranged in Indian file pattern
ILCA
71
Fleshy mass with syncitium-like sheets of large cells with vesicular, pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli
Medullary CA, breast
72
Soft, rubbery breast mass
| Pale gray-blue gelatin
Mucinous CA, breast
73
MCC of SIADH
Small cell lung CA
74
Second most common pituitary adenoma
Somatotroph adenoma
75
Thyroid CA with giant cells, spindle cells
Anaplastic
With cytokeratin
76
Antibodies in Hashimoto
Anti-TPO
| Anti-thyroglobulin
77
Dystrophically calcified cancer cells
Psammoma bodies
78
Avascular necrosis of ossification centers in children
Legg Calve Perthes disease
- creeping substitution
79
CKD - calcium and PTH levels?
Low calcium
| High PTH
80
Erlenmeyer flask
Osteopetrosis
81
Hat does not fit
Paget's disease of bone
82
Jigsaw puzzle
Paget's disease of bone
83
Brown tumors
Osteitis fibrosis cystica
84
Soft bones
Rickets
| Osteomalacia
85
Chalk stick type fractures
Paget's disease of bone
86
Railroad track cancellous bone
Osteitis fibrosis cystica
87
Zellballen
Pheochromocytoma
88
MEN II
Medullary thyroid CA
Pheochromocytoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia
89
MEN III
Medullary thyroid CA
Pheochromocytoma
Mucocutaneous/ oral ganglioneuromatosis
(Marfanoid habitus)
90
Staging for melanoma
Breslow
91
Tx for Molluscum Contagiosum
Imiquimod
92
Marble bone disease
Osteopetrosis
93
Osteitis deformans
Paget's disease of bone
94
Associated with Mafucci syndrome
Chondroma
95
Eburnation
Osteoarthritis
96
Joint mice
OA
97
Sausage shaped DIP joints
Psoriatic arthritis
98
Seronegative spondylopathies
```
PAIR
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spindylitis
IBD
Reiter's
```
99
Osteoclastoma
Giant cell tumor
RANK/RANKL signaling
100
Chinese figures on X-ray
Fibrous dysplasia
101
MC presentation of McCune Albright
Precocious puberty
102
Progressive muscular atrophy of leg below the knee, thin or absent myelin sheath
Charcot Marie Tooth
103
Schwann cell hyperplasia and hypertrophic neuropathy
Charcot Marie tooth
| Hereditary Motor Sensory neuropathy
104
Floppy baby, panfascicular atrophy
Spinal muscle atrophy
105
Werning Hoffman
Spinal muscle atrophy
106
Weakness in mitrochondrial myopathies
Proximal muscle weakness
107
GABA
Nucleus acumbens
108
Dopamine
Ventral tegmentum
| Substantia nigra pars compacta
109
Mononuclear cell perivascular cuffs and neurophagia of the anterior horn motor neurons
Polio
110
Gelatinous material within subarachnoid space and small cysts
Soap bubbles
Cryptococcal meningitis
111
Separated in time and space
MS
112
Flame shaped bundles of neurofilaments
Neurofilbrillary tangles
With tau protein
113
Elongated, glassy eosinophilic bodies with para crystalline arrays of beaded actin filaments
Hirano bodies
114
Alpha synuclein
Lewy bodies
115
Superoxide dismutase
ALS
116
Pseudo palisading pattern of tumor cells
GBM
117
Brain CA mets in order
Lots of bad stuff kill glia
```
Lung
Breast
Skin
Kidney
GIT
```
118
Heliotrope rash
Dermatomyositis
119
Gottron lesions
Dermatomyositis
120
Drop mets in cauda equina
Medulloblastoma
121
Enlarged popliteal fossa
Dandy walker
Hypoplastic cerebellum
122
Subfalcine herniation
Aka cingulate
ACA compression
123
Kernohan's notch
Transtentorial herniation
Hemiparesis IPSILATERAL to side of herniation
124
Duret hemorrhages
Transtentorial herniation
125
Tonsillar herniation
Through Foramen magnum
126
MS - autoantibodies against?
Myelin basic protein
127
Albers Schonberg disease
Osteopetrosis
- decreased osteoclast function
128
Esophageal web, micro hypo anemia, atrophic glossitis
Plummer Vinson syndrome
129
Hemoglobin H
Alpha thalassemia - deletion of 3 alpha globins
130
Warm agglutinin - seen in what diseases?
CLL, SLE, hemolytic anemia, drugs (methyldopa)
Warm weather is great! = IgG
131
Acute anemia triggered by cold
Cold agglutinin
132
Cold agglutinin seen in?
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Infectious mononucleosis
Renaud's
IgM
C3b
133
Follicular lymphoma
t (14:18)
134
MC form of indolent NHL from germinal center B cells
Follicular lymphoma
135
Auto antibody - SLE
ANA
| Anti-dsDNA
136
Auto antibody - drug induced lupus
Anti- histone
137
Auto antibody -mixed connective tissue disease
Anti-Ribonuclear protein
138
Auto antibody - crest syndrome
Anti-centromere
139
Auto antibody - diffuse scleroderma
Anti-scl 70
140
Auto antibody - Sjogren syndrome
Anti-SS-A
141
Auto antibody - primary biliary cirrhosis
Anti-mitochondrial
142
Proto-oncogene - CML
Abl
143
Proto-oncogenes - Burkitt lymphoma
c-myc
144
Proto-oncogenes - colon CA
ras
145
Proto-oncogenes - follicular lymphoma
bcl-2
146
Charcot joint
Syphillis
DM
Painful, immobile joint
147
Charcot Bouchard microaneurysm
Minute aneurysm secondary to hypertension in basal gangliA
148
Dark red scaly patches over knuckles, elbows and knees seen in dermatomyositis
Gottron's papules
149
PKU dx - levels of phenylalanine
Guthrie test
150
Test for PNH
Ham test
151
Lisch nodule
NF-1 (VR)
152
P-ANCA?
| C-ANCA?
P-ANCA : MPO
| C-ANCA: PR3
153
Corkscrew aorta
Takayasu
154
Dark red scaly patches over knuckles, elbows and knees seen in dermatomyositis
Gottron's papules
155
PKU dx - levels of phenylalanine
Guthrie test
156
Test for PNH
Ham test
157
Lisch nodule
NF-1 (VR)
158
P-ANCA?
| C-ANCA?
P-ANCA : MPO
| C-ANCA: PR3
159
Corkscrew aorta
Takayasu
