1. Repetitive 2. Involuntary 3. Rapid eye movement

1. Halos around lights 2. Faded colors 3. Gradual loss or blurring of vision. 4. Painless

1. Visual acuity test 2. Opthalmoscopic exam of the eye

1. Mild ache or pain in eyes 2. Visual disturbances 3. Loss of peripheral vision

1. Tonometers to measure eye pressure 2. Visual acuity

Eye and Ear Diseases and Disorders Flashcards by Kim Aker

What are the 4 Refractive Errors?

Hyperopia: Farsightedness
Presbyopia: Farsighted; advancing age
Myopia: Nearsighted
Astigmatism: Variation in curvature of the lens or cornea

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What is the Treatment for Refractive Errors?

Prescription and fitting of glasses

LASIK

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S&S of Refractive Errors?

Headaches
Squinting
Rubbing eyes
Visual deficits

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What is Nystagmus?

Repetitive
Involuntary
Rapid eye movement

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S&S of Nystagmus?

Continuous horizontal, vertical, or circular eye movements.

Blurred vision

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Diagnose Nystagmus?

CT or MRI

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What is Hordeolum (Stye)?

Inflammatory infection of eye lid

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What is the Etiology of Hordeolum (Stye)?

Staphylococcal infection

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S&S of Hordoleum (Stye)?

Pain
Tenderness
Redness at infection site

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Treatment for Hordoleum (Stye)?

Warm Compress
Antibiotic eye drops
Incision or drainage

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What is Corneal Abrasion?

Painful scratch or scrape on cornea.

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What are the S&S of Corneal Abrasion?

Pain
Redness
Tearing

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How to Diagnose Corneal Abrasion?

What is the treatment for Corneal Abrasion?

D=Fluorescein Stain w/black light exam
T=Removal of foreign object
Topical anesthetic

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What is Cataracts?

Opacity or clouding of the eye lens (crystaline lens)
2. Affects visual acuity
Wear sunglasses to prevent

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S&S of Cataracts?

Halos around lights
Faded colors
Gradual loss or blurring of vision.
Painless

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Diagnose Cataracts?

Visual acuity test

2. Opthalmoscopic exam of the eye

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Treatment of cataracts?

Surgical correction and corrective lens

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What is Glaucoma?

Accumulating fluid and pressure within the eye

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S&S of Glaucoma?

Mild ache or pain in eyes
Visual disturbances
Loss of peripheral vision

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Diagnose Glaucoma?

Tonometers to measure eye pressure

2. Visual acuity

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Treatment of Glaucoma?

Eye drops
laser surgery
microsurgery to lower eye pressure

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What is Retinal Detachment and Causes?

Complete or partial separation of the retinal

C= Trauma, tumors, diabetes mellitus

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What are the S&S of Retinal Detachment?

Seeing cobwebs
Floating spots
Flashes of light or sensation of shade coming over eye.
PAINLESS. THIS IS AN EMERGENCY!

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What is the treatment for Retinal Detachment?

Laser Surgery or cryopexy

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What is Macular Degeneration?

Eye disease that changes the pigmented cells of the retina and macula

S&S of Macular Degeneration?

1. Mild to severe vision loss, distortion 2. Gradual loss of central vision 3. loss of sharp vision

Treatment of Macular Degeneration and Diagnosis?

T= No cure .Laser treatment may delay onset of blindness | D=Amsler chart or grid to detect changes

What is Strabismus?

1. Eye cannot be directed to focus on same object. | 2. Eye may turn inward, cross-eye, or outward

S&S of Strabismus?

1. Double vision (diplopia) 2. Blurred vision 3. Affected eye will appear to wander

Etiology of Strabismus?

1. Genetics 2. Injuries 3. Inappropriate development

Treatment of Strabismus?

Depends on cause: 1. Corrective lenses 2. Eye exercises 3. botulinum toxin injection 4. surgical correction

What is conjunctivitis (pink eye) and the Etiology?

1. Inflammation of conjunctiva *most common disease worldwide E=Viral or bacterial, irritations from temp or ...

What is Uveitis?

Inflammation of Uveal tract (around iris)

What is the Etiology of Uveitis?

Autoimmune disorder or idiopathic Microbial infections Allergies, chemicals, trauma, surgery

S&S of Uveitis?

1. PAIN 2. Intense photophobia 3. Blurred Vision 4. Redness 5. Dark floating spots 6. Pupil that is nonreactive to light

Treatment of Uveitis?

1. Wear dark glasses 2. Eye drops to dilate the pupil and relieve pain 3. steroid eye drops/ointment

What is Blepharitis?

Inflammation of the edges of eyelids

S&S of Blepharitis?

1. Burning, flaking, itching of eye lid 2. Red-rimmed eye lids 3. Dry and oily scales on eyelid margins

Treatment of Blepharitis?

1. Keep lids clean and free from crust | 2. Warm compress, gentle washing of eyes

What is Keratitis?

Inflammation of the cornea.

What is the Etiology of Keratitis?

1. Infection or prolonged exposure to dry air or intense light. 2. Could be cornea trauma, or dry air

S&S of Keratitis?

1. discharge 2. Irritation/redness 3. Tearing

What is External Otitis (swimmers ear)?

Inflammation of the external ear canal

Etiology of External Otitis?

1. Bacteria or fungal infection | 2. Ear trauma

S&S of External Otitis?

1. Pain 2. Red, swollen ear canal 3. drainage

Treatment of External Otitis?

1. Antibiotics and analgesics | 2. Hygiene and Heat compress

What is Otitis Media?

Fluid in middle ear.

Etiology of Otitis Media?

1. Upper respiratory infection | 2. Eustachian tube dysfunction

S&S of Otitis Media?

Fullness and pain in ear | fever and irritability

Diagnosis of Otitis Media?

Exam of ear

Treatment of Otitis Media?

1. Antibiotics (amoxicillin) | 2. equalizing tubes for reoccuring

What is Otosclerosis?

Metabolic imbalance causing bone to grow over the of the stapes. Eventually will not be able to hear as well

S&S of Otosclerosis?

Hearing loss of low or soft tones

Treatment of Otosclerosis?

Hearing aids.

Prognosis of Otosclerosis?

improved with surgery

Etiology of motion sickness?

Abnormal equilibrium of organs of balance in inner ear

S&S of Motion Sickness?

1. Loss of equilibrium | 2. Nausea/vomiting

Treatment of Motion Sickness?

1. Antihistamine 2. antiemetics 3. Sedative

What is Meniere Disease?

Chronic inner ear syndrome | common in 40-50 yo

S&S of Meniere Disease?

1. vertigo 2. tinnitus 3. hearing loss

Treatment of Meniere Disease?

1. Salt free diet 2. diuretic 3. mild sedative

Hearing loss etiology?

Can happen at any age trauma infections

Treatment for hearing loss?

1. Hearing aids-mild 2. Surgery 3. Cochlear Implant

Prevention of hearing loss?

Ear protection and annual exams

Halos around lights lead us to believe its....?

Cataracts

Peripheral vision loss normally means...?

Glaucoma

Central (middle) vision loss normally means...?

Macular degeneration

What is the treatment of Nystagmus?

Treat the causes

Eye and Ear Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

(68 cards)