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Biostatistics & Epidemiology > (F) Demography > Flashcards

(F) Demography Flashcards

1
Q

The empirical, statistical and mathematical study of human population

A

Demography

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2
Q

The scientific study of human populations with respect to size, structure and development

A

Demography

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3
Q

what are the three foci of demography?

A
  1. Population size
  2. Composition of the population
  3. Distribution of the population
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4
Q

Demography - T or F

The mathematical and statistical study of the size composition and spatial distribution of alien populations

A

F - Human

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5
Q

what are the five aspects hrough the operation of Demography:

A
  • Fertility – increase in birth
  • Mortality – death
  • Migration – in and out migration
  • Marriage
  • Social Mobility – relationship with migration
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6
Q

Uses of Demography - T or F

To determine the number and distribution of a population in a certain area for planning, priority setting and for purposes of fund allocation.

A

True

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7
Q

Uses of Demography - T or F

To determine growth (or decline) and dispersal of population in the past.

A

True

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8
Q

Uses of Demography - T or F

To establish a “causal relationship” between population trends and various aspects of neighbour organization

A

F - Social Organization

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9
Q

Uses of Demography - T or F

To predict past developments and their possible consequences

A

F - Future

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10
Q

Uses of Demography - T or F

Serves as numerators for health indicators

A

F - denominator

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11
Q

Uses of Demography - T or F

Setting up targets of coverage of activities;

A

True

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12
Q

Uses of Demography - T or F

Setting up norms for assignment of health facilities / staff / funds

A

True

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13
Q

Enumerate the tools of demography

A
  1. Counts
  2. Ratio
  3. Proportion
  4. Rates
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14
Q

Tool of Demography

absolute numbers of a population or any demographic event occurring over a specified period, area and time

A

Counts

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15
Q

Tools of Demography

A single number that represents the relative size of two numbers

A

Ratio

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16
Q

Tools of Demography

Special type of ratio in which the numerator is part of the denominator

A

Proportion

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17
Q

Tools of Demography

Measures the amount of change (no. Of new events) in a given period of time

A

Rates

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18
Q

Sources of Demographic Data

A
  1. Census
  2. Sample Surveys
  3. Vital Registration Systems
  4. Continuing Population Registers
  5. Other Sources
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19
Q

Sources of Demographic Data

the total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining to all persons in the country at specified time.

A

Census

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20
Q

Census

Assigns individuals to the place of their usual residence regardless of where they were actually enumerated during the census

A

De jure method

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21
Q

Census

Where people are allocated to the areas where they were physically present at the census date regardless of where they usually live.

Births, Deaths, and Marriages

A

De facto method

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22
Q

Sources of Demographic Data

where demographic information is obtained based on a sample of the population

A

Sample Surveys

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23
Q

Sources of Demographic Data

Continuously record vital events like births, adoptions, deaths, marriages and annulments

A

Vital registration systems

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24
Q

Sources of Demographic Data

Provide continuously updated on particular events that occur to each individual and selected characteristics of this individual

A

Continuing Population registers

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25
Q

Sources of Demographic Data

Voter’s registration, School enrolment, income tax returns

A

Other Sources

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26
Q

Features of a National Census

familiarize or kabisado

A
  • Sponsorship – usually government agency
  • Definite coverage – definite areas
  • Universality – all members of the population should be counted without omissions or duplications
  • Simultaneity – with only one reference date
  • With provisions for compilation and publication
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27
Q

Information Obtained in a Census

familiarize or kabisado

A
  • Geographic - Region, province, municipality/ city, barangay (village)
  • Household or family information - no. of households; no. of household members
  • Personal characteristics - Sex, age, marital status, place of birth, citizenship
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28
Q

Components of Demography

Pertains to:
* Actual population size
* Changes or trends in population size

A

Population Size

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29
Q

Components of Demography

Affected by natality, mortality and migration

A

Population Size

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30
Q

Components of Demography

Refers to the location of the population in geographic subdivisions of a given area

A

Distribution of the Population

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31
Q

Components of Demography

Pertains to measurable characteristics of the population

A

Population Composition

32
Q

Describing the Population Composition

A
  1. Sex Composition
  2. Age Composition
  3. Age and Sex Composition
33
Q

Sex Composition

Compares the number of males to the number of females

A

Sex Ratio

34
Q

sex ratio

what does >100 and <100 means in the sex ratio?

A

> 100 - More Males
<100 - More Females

35
Q

Sex Composition

Compares the sex ratio across different categories/ levels of another characteristic

A

Sex Structure

36
Q

Age Composition

  • The value which cuts-off the upper 50% and lower 50% of the ages of the population
  • It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population.
  • Indicates whether the population is young or old
A

Median Age

37
Q

Age Composition

Provides an index of age-induced economic drain on manpower resources

A

Age-Dependency Ratio

38
Q

Three types of age dependency ratio:

A
  • Youth
  • Elderly
  • Total

All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100

39
Q

study the formula under Age Composition

lmao

A

all of it

40
Q

Age Composition

Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group.

A

Age-dependency Ratio

41
Q

Age Composition

Some portion of the population counted as “working age” may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the “dependent” population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.

A

Age-dependency Ratio

42
Q

what are the assumptions made in age-dependency ratio?

A
  • 0-15 (0-14) and 65 and up (≥60) years are economically unproductive
  • 6-64 (15-59) years are economically productive
43
Q

Factors Affecting Age Composition

Familiarize or kabisado kaw bahala

A
  1. Fertility – high fertility → young population
  2. Urban – rural differences
    * urban generally older than rural
  3. Peace and order situation – e.g. War
  4. Cultural practices
    - age at marriage
    - age pattern of childbearing
44
Q
A
44
Q

Age and Sex Composition

A graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the population
Also enables one to explain and describe the demographic trends of the population in the past

A
  1. Population Pyramid
45
Q

Types of population pyramid?

A
  • Expansive
  • Constrictive
  • Stationary
46
Q

Population Pyramid

pyramid with a wide base

A

Expansive

47
Q

Population Pyramid

It suggests a growing population

A

Expansive

48
Q

Population Pyramid

pyramid with a narrow base

A

Constrictive

49
Q

Population Pyramid

with a somewhat equal proportion of the in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing,

A

Stationary

50
Q

Review the constructing a population pyramid

A

its allat

51
Q

Determinants of the Sex Composition of a Population

familiarize or kabisado

A
  • Sex ratio at birth
  • Differences between sexes in death rates
  • Geographic, economic conditions
  • Occupation
  • Differences between sexes in net migration rates
52
Q

Some Generalization of the Sex Composition of a Population

A

go over it thanks its allat

53
Q

Consequences of Age and Sex Structure

A
  1. Consumption Patterns
  2. Death Rate
  3. Rates and patterns of migration
  4. Probabilities of marriage for men and women
  5. Power structure
54
Q

Is the average number of years a newly born infant is expected to live under the mortality conditions for a given year.

A

Life Expectancy at birth

55
Q
  • Derived from the life-tables
  • Calculated separately for males and females since mortality rates differ between sexes
A

Life Expectancy at birth

56
Q

Population Estimation

Tools for Measuring Changes in Population Size

A
  1. Natural Increase
  2. Rate of Natural Increase
  3. Relative increase
  4. Absolute increase per year (b)
  5. Annual rate of growth (r)
57
Q

Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size

the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths which occurred

A

Natural Increase

58
Q

Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size

the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate of a specific population within a specified time period, usually a year

A

Rate of Natural Increase

59
Q

Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size

measures the average number of people added to the population each year

A

Absolute increase per year (b)

60
Q

Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size

the actual difference (i.e., the absolute increase) between two census counts expressed in percent of the initial population size

A

Relative Increase

61
Q

Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size

Also utilizes results of two census counts to quantify the amount of change in population size during a specified time period.

A

Annual Rate of Growth

62
Q

Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size

Assumes that the population is increasing at a constant rate per year.

A

Annual Rate of Growt

63
Q

lol review all the formulas and examples for

A

Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size

its too much

64
Q

Types of Estimates and Projections

A
  1. According to detail desired
  2. According to time reference
  3. According to method (or assumption) used
65
Q

Types of Estimates According to Assumptions used

also known as the balancing equation

A

Component method or Inflow – Outflow Method

review the formula

66
Q

Types of Estimates According to Assumptions used

assumes an equal amount of increase every year

A

Arithmetic Method

review the formula

67
Q

Types of Estimates According to Assumptions used

assumes that the population increase (or decreases) at the same rate over each unit of time, e.g. Each year

A

Geometric Method

review the formula

68
Q

Types of Estimates According to Assumptions used

assumes a constant rate of increase (or decrease) and the population is increasing continuously, i.e., a constant rate of change is applied at every infinitesimal amount of time

A

Exponential Method

review the formula

69
Q

Types of projection / Estimation Problems

Familiairze or kabisado, up to u

A
  1. Estimation of an Earlier Population (Po)
  2. Estimation of Future Population (Pt)
  3. Estimation of the Absolute Increase/decrease per year (b), or constant rate of growth/ decline (r)
  4. Estimation of the amount of time (t) it takes for a population to reach a certain number, (Pt)
  5. Estimation of doubling time (t*)
70
Q

if u see this card

A

well ur fucked up

71
Q
A
72
Q

Classification of Estimate/ Time estimate

Estimate on Any date intermediate to 2 censuses and take the result of these census into account

A

Intercensal Estimates

73
Q

Classification of Estimate/ Time estimate

Estimate On any date in the past or during current date following a census, uses recent and earilier census in account but not later censuses

A

Postcensal Estimates

74
Q

Classification of Estimate/ Time estimate

Estimaate made on any date following the last cenus for which no current reports are available

A

Projections

Biostatistics & Epidemiology (18 decks)

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