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(F) Introduction to Surveillance Flashcards

1
Q

Diverse, includes other diseases (communicable and noncommunicable disease, emergency, injuries, and other health threats)

A

A Public Health Approach

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2
Q

what are the 4 general steps in a Public health approach

A
  1. What is the Problem? (Surveillance)
  2. What is the Cause? (Risk Factor Identification)
  3. What Works? (Intervention Evaluation)
  4. How do you do it? (Implementation)
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3
Q

General step of Public Health Apporach

What is the problem ::

A

Surveillance

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4
Q

General step of Public Health Apporach

What is the cause ::

A

Risk Factor Identification

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5
Q

General step of Public Health Apporach

What works ::

A

Intervention Evaluation

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6
Q

General step of Public Health Apporach

How do you do it? ::

A

Implementation

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7
Q

In implementing the Public health approach, what are the components?

A
  • Public Health
  • Prevention Effectiveness
  • Epidemiology
  • Laboratory
  • Informatics
  • Surveillance
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8
Q

Implementation, The use of Science

economic informaiton to come up with a decision

A

Prevention Effectiveness

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9
Q

Implementation, The use of Science

determine diseases and their movement

A

Epidemiology

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10
Q

Implementation, The use of Science

test to confirm diagnosis and training

A

Laboratory

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11
Q

Implementation, The use of Science

collecting, compiling, and presenting information (electronically)

A

Informatics

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12
Q

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control

A

Public Health Surveillance

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13
Q

The ______ , __________, ________, and ________ of health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control

A
  • Ongoing
  • Systematic Collection
  • Analysis
  • Interpretation
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14
Q

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to ____, ________, and ________ of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control

A
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
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15
Q

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the____________ ________of these data to those responsible for ________ and _________

A
  • Timely Dissemination
  • Prevention
  • Control
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16
Q

What are the keywords associated with Public Health Surveillance?

A
  • Systematic
  • Ongoing
  • Collection
  • Analysis
  • Interpretation
  • Dissemination
  • Health-related data
  • Linked to public health practice

Just familliarize babes

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17
Q

Provide information that can be used for health action by public health personnel, government leaders, and the public to guide public health policy and programs

A

Goal of Public Health Surveillance

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18
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Identify patients and their contacts for ________ and ________

A

Treatment and Intervention

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19
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Detect ________, health problems, changes in health behaviors

A

Epidemics

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20
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Estimate ________ and ________ of health problems

A

Magnitude and Scope

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21
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Measure ________ and ________ disease

A

Trends and Characterize

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22
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Monitor changes in ________ and ________ agents

A

Infectious and Environmental

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23
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Assess effectiveness of programs and _______ _______

A

control measures

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24
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses - T or F

Develop hypotheses and sedate research

A

F (Stimulate not sedate)

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25
use this card to familliarize PUBLIC HEALTH HEADLINES
* Whooping Cough Kills Five in California; State Declares an Epidemic * New CDC Report Shows Adult Obesity Growing or Holding Steady in All States * Increase Seen in Deaths from Pneumonia and Flu * Number of Rare E. Coli Cases In U.S. Rose Last Year * Percentage of New Yorkers Lighting Up is Down to 14%
26
In the example of "number of rare E. Coli Cases in US Rose lat year" what was the factor that detected the increase of this?
surveillance system! | check my traanses pooks
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What is the act under the public health surveillance legal basis?
**Republic Act No. 11332** Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Health Concern Act
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Republic Act No. 11332 alternative title
Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Health Concern Act
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This Act provide for policies and prescribing procedures on surveillance and response to notifiable diseases, epidemics, and health events of public health concern, and appropriating funds therefor
Republic Act No. 11332
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# State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems T or F -- It is mandated by law?
True
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# State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems Who are required to report cases to Local Health Department (LHD)?
* Health Care Providers * Hospitals * Laboratories *
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# State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems usually responsible for case investigation and action, when theres already report given
Local Health Department (LHD)
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# State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems The LHD forwards the disease report to the?
state health department
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# State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems after the State Health Department receive the disease report from LHD, what are the SHD ought to do?
assists the LHD as needed
35
What are the types of Public Health Surveillance?
* Passive Surveillance * Active Surveillance * Laboratory Surveillance * Sentinel Surveillance * Syndromic Surveillance
36
# Types of Public Health Surveillance - Diseases are reported by health care providers - Simple and inexpensive - Limited by incompleteness of reporting and variability of quality
Passive Surveillance
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# Types of Public Health Surveillance - Health agencies contact health providers seeking reports - Ensures more complete reporting of conditions - Used in conjunction with specific epidemiologic investigation
Active Surveillance
38
# Types of Public Health Surveillance T OR F Most routine relies on passive surveillance
True
39
# Types of Public Health Surveillance Health care providers, hospitals, and laboratories initiative of reporting the disease and health department just waits for the report
Passive Surveillance
40
# Types of Public Health Surveillance Hygience Clinics – the commerical sex workers usually have them examined for STD’s, and the laborotory would be detecting them
Laboratory surveillance
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# Types of Public Health Surveillance Reporting of health events by health professionals who are selected to represent a geographic area or a specific reporting group
Sentinel Surveillance
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# Types of Public Health Surveillance Focuses on one or more symptoms rather than a physician-diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed disease
Syndromic Surveillance
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# Types of Public Health Surveillance Follow-ups are necessary because a symptom/s does not gurantee that disease and need to be
Syndromic Surveillance
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# Types of Public Health Surveillance Who is the active participant in Passive Surveillance
Health Care Providers - they only report
45
# Types of Public Health Surveillance Who is the active participant in Active Surveillance
Health Agencies - they contact first hand conditions
46
# Types of Public Health Surveillance Who is the active participant in Sentinel Surveillance
A representative from a geographic area or specific reporting group
47
# Types of Public Health Surveillance What is the main difference of syndromic surveillance to others?
It focuses on one or more symptoms
48
# Surveillance System Attributes How useful is the system in accomplishing its objectives?
Usefulness
49
# Surveillance System Attributes How reliable are the available data?
Data quality
50
# Surveillance System Attributes How complete and accurate are data fields in the reports received by the system?
Data quality
51
# Surveillance System Attributes How quickly are reports received?
Timeliness
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# Surveillance System Attributes How quickly can the system adapt to changes?
Flexibility
53
# Surveillance System Attributes How easy is the system’s operation?
Simplicity
54
# Surveillance System Attributes Does the surveillance system work well?
Stability
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# Surveillance System Attributes Does it break down often?
Stability
56
# Surveillance System Attributes How well does it capture the intended cases?
Sensitivity
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# Surveillance System Attributes How many of the reported cases meet the case definition?
Predictive value positive
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# Surveillance System Attributes - T or F More sensitive system = Higher Predictive value positive
False (Lower predictive value positive)
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# Surveillance System Attributes How good is the system at representing the population under surveillance?
Representativeness
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# Surveillance System Attributes How easy is the system’s operation?
Acceptability
61
Steps in the Surveillance Process:
* Data Collection * Data Analysis * Data Interpretation * Data Dissemination * Link to Action
62
# Steps in the Surveillance Process: Before collecting data, decide on the overarching goal of the system
Data Collection
63
# use this to familliarize Data Sources for Public Health Surveillance
* Reported diseases or syndromes * Electronic health records (e.g., hospital discharge data) * Vital records (e.g., birth and death certificates) * Registries (e.g., cancer, immunization) * Surveys (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES])
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# Data Collection → Internationally Notifiable Diseases In notifiable disease, where do we report?
WHO
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What are the internationally Notifiable Diseases
* Smallpox * Poliomyelitis (wild type) * Human influenza caused by any new subtype * Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
66
# Steps in the Surveillance Process: Who will analyze the data? What methodology will they use? How often will they analyze the data?
Data Analysis
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# Data Analysis Contains descriptive information:
* Time * Place * Person
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under data analysis what are the other analytic can be used to
* Data analysis by TIME (uses week) * Surveillance Data Analysis by Place * Data Analysis by Person
69
if u see this card
Study the examples under data analysis there are 3
70
# T or F Data interpretation is closely threesome with data analysis
F (Coupled)
71
# Steps in the Surveillance Process: By identifying person, place and time, you can determine how and when the cases HAPPENED
Data Interpretation
72
in the example under the data interpretation, why the cases is dumami?
Because of the laboratory detection, the key was data interpretaion
73
In data dissemination, what agencies need the data?
* Health agency newsletters, bulletins, or alerts * Surveillance summaries and reports * Medical and epidemiologic journal articles * Press releases and social media
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In data dissemination,who are the target audience?
* Public health practitioners * Clinicians and other health care providers * Policy and other decision makers * Community organizations * The general public
75
# Steps in the Surveillance Process Public health surveillance should always have a
Link to action
76
# TOF Under link to action, Monitor trends and patterns in disease, risk factors, and agents
True
77
if u see this card,
study the example applying the concept of link to action thanks | refer to my trans for explanation per example
78
# Public Health Surveillance-Based Action Describe the burden of or potential for ______
Disease
79
# Public Health Surveillance-Based Action Monitor ________ and ________ in disease, risk factors, and agents
Trends and Pattern
80
# Public Health Surveillance-Based Action Detect ________ ________ in disease occurrence and distribution
sudden changes
81
# Public Health Surveillance-Based Action Provide ____ for programs, policies, and priorities
data
82
# Public Health Surveillance-Based Action ________ prevention and control efforts
evaluATE | yeah, she ate
83
raa
“If walang action WAG GAGAWIN BALIEW” – POLLY CHUA

Biostatistics & Epidemiology (18 decks)

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