Factors Affecting EWT - Misleading Information Flashcards

(11 cards)

1
Q

What did Bartlett (1932) argue about memories?

A
  • Memories are not accurate ‘snapshots’ of events, particularly preserved, but are instead ‘reconstructions’ of events.
  • these reconstructions influenced by our personal attitudes and the stereotypes we hold
  • if recall is objective then this is a problem for EWT
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2
Q

What is a Schema?

A
  • packages of info about people and objects in the world around us
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3
Q

What do we use schemas for?

A
  • mental shortcuts because when we recall a memory it is influenced by schemas, memories change to fit with the individuals pre-existing bias
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4
Q

What are leading questions and what do they cause?

A
  • imply a particular answer that can influence how a memory is recalled
  • could be due to an actual change to the memory (Substitution bias)
  • or no change in memory but due to emotional pressure to give a particular response (response bias)
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5
Q

What is post event discussion?

A
  • When recalling of events by one witness alters accuracy of the recall by another witness.
  • could be memory conformity - witnesses go along with others accounts for social approval
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6
Q

What was Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) study?

A
  • 45 participants shown car accident
  • ‘how fast were they going when they _ into each other?’
  • _ (smashed, collided, bumped, hit, contacted)
  • more extreme verb lead to a faster MPH estimation
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7
Q

What was Loftus and Palmer’s follow up study?

A
  • 150 participants shown car accident clip and asked if they saw broken glass
  • ‘smashed’ or ‘hit’ lead to more participants said they saw broken glass when ‘smashed’ was used showing a substitution bias
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8
Q

Misleading Information Strength - Point

A

Real world application in criminal justice system

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9
Q

Misleading Information Strength - Evidence

A

Consequences of inaccurate EWT are serious. Loftus (1975) said police officers need to phrase questions carefully to witnesses because of distorting effects.

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10
Q

Misleading Information Limitation - Point

A

Lack of population validity in Loftus and Palmer (1974) study

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11
Q

Misleading Information Limitation - Evidence

A

45 and 150 students from Washington so less experienced drivers so possibly less accurate speed estimations

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