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FAD (Exam 4) Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of diseases are transmissible to livestock, poultry, or equine, currently absent from USA with potential for significant impact on human and animal health or the economy?

A

foreign animal diseases (FAD)

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2
Q

(T/F) ALL Foreign Animal Diseases are reportable.

A

True

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3
Q

________ or ________ disease is always present at a constant level in the population.

A

endemic
enzootic

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4
Q

________ or _______ disease have increased cases above what is expected in a population.

A

epidemic
epizootic

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5
Q

_________ or ________ disease is a new disease or a new form endemic to US with incidence increased in recent years and potential to increase soon.

A

emerging
reemerging

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6
Q

List the 4 main routes of FAD introduction.

A
  1. intentional (terrorism)
  2. accidental (import, tourist)
  3. migration (wildlife)
  4. natural (re-emergence, mutation)
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7
Q

________ Diseases are characterized by formation of epithelial vesicles in the mouth, feet, or teats.

A

Vesicular

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8
Q

Which Vesicular Disease is present in Missouri?

A

Seneca Valley Virus (SVV)

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9
Q

List the 5 Vesicular Diseases.

A
  1. Foot & Mouth Disease
  2. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
  3. Vesicular Exanthema Virus
  4. Swine Vesicular Disease Virus
  5. Seneca Valley Virus
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10
Q

Foot & Mouth Disease is a what type of virus?

A

picornavirus

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11
Q

(T/F) Foot & Mouth Disease is zoonotic.

A

False

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12
Q

(T/F) Spread of Foot & Mouth Disease occurs before clinical signs develop.

A

True

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13
Q

There is no known _______ vector for Foot & Mouth Disease.

A

biological

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14
Q

Animals that have recovered or are vaccinated for FMD are __________, EXCEPT pigs.

A

carriers

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15
Q

(T/F) Foot & Mouth Disease infects cattle, swine, horses, sheep, and goats.

A

False - DOES NOT affect horses

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16
Q

_________ host of FMD means that few clinical signs develop but they spread the virus.

A

maintenance

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17
Q

_________ of FMD means they appear ill but shed virus in respiratory secretions.

A

amplifier

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18
Q

_________ of FMD means they have early, severe lesions.

A

indicator

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19
Q

Match which species serve as the following for FMD:

  1. Maintenance Host
  2. Amplifier
  3. Indicator
A
  1. sheep
  2. swine
  3. cattle
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20
Q

Once ingested or inhaled, FMD replicates in lymphoid tissue or ________ prior to vesicle formation.

A

pharynx

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21
Q

While vesicles form in cattle and pigs, _______ only develop mild lesions with FMD so it can be easy to miss.

A

sheep

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22
Q

Term for the fluid-filled eruption from the skin that develops with FMD.

A

vesicle

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23
Q

What lesion develops in young calves infected with FMD, indicating multifocal regions of myocardial coagulative necrosis but NO vesicle formation?

A

Tiger Heart Lesion

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24
Q

(T/F) Vaccination of FMD is appropriate control for FMD in the US.

A

False (cannot determine vaccinated from wild-type infection)

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25
Virkon-S is a useful ________ for FMD control.
disinfectant
26
Which vesicular disease is zoonotic, present in the US, and considered a Rhabdovirus?
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)
27
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus is considered a seasonal disease and therefore transmitted by:
insect vectors
28
(T/F) Vesicular Stomatitis Virus causes high mortality in horses, cattle, and swine.
False - 0% mortality, high morbidity
29
Clinical signs of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in cattle and swine are indistinguishable from what other disease?
Foot & Mouth Disease
30
Which vesicular disease is a Calicivirus affecting swine?
Vesicular Exanthema Virus (VEV)
31
Which virus is a serotype of Vesicular Exanthema Virus, affecting marine mammals?
San Miguel Sea Lion Virus
32
Vesicular Exanthema Virus causes (more/less) severe disease than FMD.
less
33
Which virus is a vesicular disease which does not have significant zoonotic potential, milder than FMD & VS, and part of the Picornaviridae group?
Swine Vesicular Disease Virus
34
The 2 main clinical signs caused by Swine Vesicular Disease Virus are:
lameness, vesicles
35
What kind of virus is Seneca Valley Virus?
Picornavirus
36
Senecavirus A is the strain of Seneca Valley Virus which is endemic in:
swine
37
Herpesviruses are (enveloped/nonenveloped), (RNA/DNA), isocosahedral viruses.
enveloped DNA viruses
38
What are the 3 subfamilies of Herpesviruses?
1. alphaherpesvirinae 2. betaherpesvirinae 3. gammaherpesvirinae
39
Fill-in the blanks: Alphaherpesvirinae Primary infection site: ________ Latent in: _______
epithelial cell sensory neurons
40
Fill-in the blanks: Betaherpesvirinae Primary infection site: Latent in:
epithelial cells leukocytes
41
Fill-in the blanks: Gammaherpesvirinae Primary infection site: Latent in:
lymphocytes lymphocytes
42
Ovine Herpesvirus-2 is a FAD which causes what disease?
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
43
(T/F) Ruminants are affected by Malignant Catarrhal Fever but cross-species infection can occur.
True
44
Ovine Herpesvirus-2 which causes Malignant Catarrhal Fever is what kind of herpesvirus?
gamma herpesvirus
45
Malignant Catarrhal Fever causes (minimal/severe) disease in adapted hosts but (minimal/severe) disease in accidental hosts.
minimal severe
46
Ovine Herpesvirus-2 is a major cause of Malignant Catarrhal Fever in _______, with high mortality.
cattle
47
_______ form of Malignant Catarrhal Fever causes depression, weakness, diarrhea, and sudden death.
peracute
48
List the 4 clinical signs / lesions of Malignant Catarrhal Fever.
1. ophthalmitis (corneal opacity) 2. crusted nares 3. generalized lymphadenopathy 4. mucosal ulcers
49
What is the best diagnostic test for Malignant Catarrhal Fever?
PCR
50
What 3 genera are within the FAD group Paramyxoviridae?
Morbillivirus Avulavirus Henipavirus
51
Genus Morbillivirus includes which two specific viruses?
Rinderpest Peste de petits ruminants (PPR)
52
Which species are affected by PPR (peste de petits ruminants)?
small ruminants (sheep, goats)
53
(Sheep/goats) develop a more severe disease from Peste de petits ruminants while cattle and pigs are asymptomatic and do not transmit the disease.
goats
54
What disease is caused by Peste de petits rumiants (PPR?)?
Acute Plague
55
Acute Plague has high mortality and causes which 2 main clinical signs?
pneumonia diarrhea
56
________ causes the most lethal plague in cattle.
Rinderpest
57
Which viral animal disease was the first one eradicated by OIE?
Rinderpest
58
The main disease caused by Avian Paramyxovirus-1 within the Genus Avulavirus is:
Exotic Newcastle Disease
59
Genus Henipavirus includes which two viruses?
Hendra Nipah
60
(T/F) Classical Swine Fever is not a reportable disease in the US.
False (it is)
61
Swine are the hosts for Classical Swine Fever. What is the reservoir host?
feral pigs
62
Classical Swine Fever is within _________ genus and _________ family.
pestivirus flaviviridae
63
The virus which causes Classical Swine Fever is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (positive/negative) sense (DNA/RNA) virus.
enveloped, positive sense, RNA
64
Classical Swine Fever can cross the placenta and infect the fetus, causing a ___________ infection.
persistant/immunotolerant
65
When Classical Swine Fever infects a fetus, which two sequelae/signs are seen?
cerebellar hypoplasia hypomyelinogenesis (shakers)
66
List 3 clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever.
1. multifocal petechia / purpura 2. diffuse erythema 3. conjunctivitis
67
List the 3 forms of disease of Classical Swine Fever.
1. acute form 2. chronic form 3. late-onset form
68
Which disease form of Classical Swine Fever is considered epidemic with nearly 100% morbidity and mortality?
acute form
69
_______ form of Classical Swine Fever has infected the herd but a lower pathogenic strain.
chronic
70
The late-onset form of Classical Swine Fever is a persistent infection when transmitted via:
transuterine (in-utero)
71
The Genus Asfivirus and Family Asfarviridae are the only known ______ ________.
DNA arboviruses
72
What disease is in swine is caused by Asfivirus?
African Swine Fever
73
Which species biologically transmits African Swine Fever?
Ornithodorus (soft tick)
74
In terms of African Swine Fever pathogenesis: the virus infects the tonsil and lymph nodes after a tick bite which causes _________ ________. This kills immune cells and leads to subsequent lesions.
cyotkine storm
75
What is the "classic" lesion seen in African Swine Fever?
splenomegaly WITHOUT infarcts
76
The Genus Orbivirus and Family Reoviridae causes what disease in horses?
African Horse Sickness
77
African Horse Sickness caused by an Orbivirus is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (ss/ds) (DNA/RNA) virus.
nonenveloped dsRNA
78
(T/F) African Horse Sickness if considered an arbovirus.
True
79
African Horse Sickness destroys endothelial cells in which two organs?
lungs, heart
80
List 4 clinical signs/lesions of African Horse Sickness.
1. massive pulmonary edema 2. subcutaneous edema 3. hydrothorax / hydropericardium 4. myocardial hemorrhages
81
List the 4 forms of African Horse Sickness that can occur.
1. peracute pulmonary 2. subacute cardiac 3. horse sickness fever 4. mixed form
82
Which major form of African Horse Sickness causes a mild disease in donkeys and zebras?
Horse Sickness Fever
83
Which virus is present in Africa and Egypt, affecting many hosts, and of the Family Bunyaviridae and Genus Phlebovirus?
Rift Valley Fever Virus
84
Rift Valley Fever Virus (Genus Phlebovirus) is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (negative/positive) sense (DNA/RNA) virus.
enveloped negatives sense RNA
85
Which two species are amplifying hosts for Rift Valley Fever Virus?
ruminants, humans
86
Rift Valley Fever Virus causes severe disease in (young/old) animals.
young
87
Rift Valley Fever Virus readily infects _______, causing a flu-like illness, fatal hemorrhagic fever, and encephalitis.
humans
88
List the 2 ways Rift Valley Fever Virus is transmitted.
insects aerosols
89
What major clinical sign is seen in neonates infected with Rift Valley Fever Virus?
epidemic hepatitis (massive liver necrosis)
90
High _______ rates occur with Rift Valley Fever Virus.
abortion

Virology (13 decks)

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