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Virology > Vaccination (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Vaccination (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Term for administration of killed or weakened infectious organisms or its components to an animal to prevent future disease.

A

vaccination

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2
Q

(T/F) Vaccination prevents infection.

A

False

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3
Q

List the 4 goals of vaccination.

A
  1. eradication
  2. elimination
  3. disease prevention / mitigation
  4. herd protection
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4
Q

Purpose of vaccination.

A

prevent disease upon future exposure

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5
Q

Herd protection is meant to protect the (vaccinated/unvaccinated) population through ____% of total vaccination.

A

unvaccinated
70-90%

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6
Q

(T/F) Both adaptive and cell-mediated immunity are important in the protection of disease by vaccination.

A

True

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7
Q

With an intracellular, persistent, or latent viral infection, _______ immunity is most important.

A

cell-mediated

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8
Q

In adaptive immunity, ________ bind to antigens to eliminate pathogens.

A

antibodies

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9
Q

List the classes of antibody.

A

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD

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10
Q

Which 3 antibodies are most common in viral infections?

A

IgG
IgA
IgM

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11
Q

Serum IgG (does/does not) correlate with protection against persistent or latent infection.

A

does not

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12
Q

If viremia occurs, ____ binds and blocks entry of the virus into host cells to limit its spread.

A

IgG

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13
Q

_______ vaccines are required by law and every susceptible animal should be vaccinated. ______ vaccines are risk-based and not recommended for all animals.

A

core
non-core

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14
Q

Canine Parvovirus is a (core/non-core) vaccine which requires (one/multiple) vaccine(s).

A

core
multiple

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15
Q

Why does Canine Parvovirus vaccine require a series of boosters?

A

unknown maternal antibody timeline which blocks vaccine

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16
Q

What type of vaccine is Canine Parvovirus?

A

combination vaccine (multivalent)
modified live

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17
Q

________ need more boosters for respiratory vaccines due to their lower developed immunity.

A

cattle

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18
Q

(T/F) Vaccination always results in protective immunity.

A

False

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of vaccine failure?

A

puppy vaccination failure (maternal antibody interferes with MLV)

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20
Q

Depending on a virus and its disease, specific vaccine types may be more efficient. Match the vaccine type (or lack of vaccine) to the virus:

  1. Influenza
  2. COVID-19
  3. FIP
  4. FIV
  5. Parvovirus/Distemper
  6. Rabies
A
  1. inactivated
  2. recombinant
  3. no vax recommended
  4. no vax available
  5. inactivated / recombinant
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21
Q

Rabies in humans in developed countries is rare and usually the result of _______ exposure. In underdeveloped countries, it is more common and result of _______ exposure.

A

wildlife
dog

22
Q

Which antibody is induced by contact of antigen with a mucosal surface?

A

IgA

23
Q

Which antibody is produced upon first exposure to an antigen?

A

IgM

24
Q

Which antibody is produced upon repeated exposure to antigen and offers systemic protection?

A

IgG

25
Q

How fast can immunity against a virus or vaccine begin to develop?

A

4-6 days (IgM)

26
Q

Which type of vaccine is most commonly used in vet med?

A

modified-live / attenuated

27
Q

A modified-live or attenuated vaccine (can/cannot) replicate and is (virulent/non-virulent).

A

can
non-virulent

28
Q

(T/F) Modified-live vaccines provide short-term immunity.

A

False - long-lasting

29
Q

Modified-live or attenuated vaccines have a(n) (decreased/increased) potential for allergic reaction.

A

decreased

30
Q

(T/F) MLV can mutate and revert to a virulent state.

A

True

31
Q

Which type of vaccine puts antigenic protein genes of a pathogen in a harmless carrier virus?

A

recombinant vectored vaccine

32
Q

(T/F) MLV provide better protection than recombinant vaccines.

A

False - no clear advantage

33
Q

Recombinant vaccines offer a (lower/higher) and (can/cannot) revert back to virulence.

A

higher
cannot

34
Q

Give an example for a Recombinant vaccine offered in small animals.

A

Purevax for cats

35
Q

In a Deletion Mutant Vaccine, a ____________ is deleted so the virus becomes avirulent.

A

virulence gene

36
Q

(T/F) It is possible to distinguish between vaccination and wild-type infection using a Deletion Mutant Vaccine.

A

True

37
Q

Of the Nucleic Acid vaccines, ______ vaccines are effective and gaining popularity while ______ vaccines have a major problem with vaccine delivery.

A

RNA
DNA

38
Q

RNA vaccines are created by deleting structural proteins of _________ replicons which replicate vector RNA in the cytoplasm.

A

alphavirus

39
Q

RNA vaccines offer a (broad/specific) immune response.

A

specific

40
Q

What is the major advantage to using RNA vaccines?

A

quick production

41
Q

A vaccine made of a virus grown in culture and killed by heat or formaldehyde is considered:

A

inactivated vaccine / killed

42
Q

(T/F) A major advantage to inactivated vaccines are their stability in storage and safety during pregnancy and immunosuppressed individuals.

A

True

43
Q

Inactivated vaccines require _________ to amplify to immune response.

A

adjuvants

44
Q

Inactivated vaccines are (more/less) likely to cause hypersensitivity and injection site reactions.

A

more

45
Q

(Local/systemic) reactions to vaccination are more common.

A

local

46
Q

Vaccine-associated sarcoma or Feline injection site sarcoma are a form of neoplasia which develops from vaccination. It has been associated with which two feline vaccinations? What is their shared quality?

A

FeLV + Rabies
aluminum adjuvant

47
Q

A systemic vaccine reaction can occur with a Type ___ Hypersensitivity which leads to:

A

1
anaphylactic shock

48
Q

(T/F) Mild fever and lethargy are clinical signs of a systemic vaccine reaction and usually resolve within a few days.

A

True

49
Q

Nucleoside analogs are an example of antiviral chemotherapeutics which may potential to treat _______ in cats.

A

FIP

50
Q
A

Virology (13 decks)

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