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Virology > Skin (Exam 4) > Flashcards

Skin (Exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Newcastle Disease Virus is within what genus? Which family?

A

Genus: Avulavirus
Family: Paramyxoviridae

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2
Q

Newcastle Disease Virus is of the Paramyxoviridae virus which is a (negative/positive) sense (DNA/RNA) virus.

A

negative sense DNA virus

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3
Q

Newcastle Disease Virus causes serious disease in:

A

poultry

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4
Q

(T/F) Newcastle Disease Virus is zoonotic.

A

True

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5
Q

What clinical sign does Newcastle Disease Virus cause in poultry?

A

conjunctivitis

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6
Q

Direct contact and mechanical vectors ______ and _____ transmit Newcastle Disease Virus.

A

rodents, flies

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7
Q

List the 3 pathotypes of Newcastle Disease Virus.

A
  1. velogenic type
  2. mesogenic type
  3. lentogenic type
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8
Q

Match the Newcastle Disease Virus pathotype to its description:

  1. low pathogenicity, subclinical/mild disease
  2. moderate disease, death in young birds
  3. severe disease
A
  1. lentogenic
  2. mesogenic
  3. velogenic
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9
Q

The velogenic pathotype of Newcastle Disease Virus has two variants:

A

viscerotropic
neurotropic

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10
Q

(T/F) Velogenic Type Newcastle Disease Virus is reportable in the US.

A

True

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11
Q

Velogenic pathotype of Newcastle Disease Virus causes ________ Newcastle Disease.

A

Exotic

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12
Q

The viscerotropic variant of Exotic Newcastle Disease causes necrosis and hemorrhage of ________ and a friable, enlarged _______.

A

cecal tonsil
spleen

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13
Q

Neurotropic pathotype of Exotic Newcastle Disease have NO gross lesions, but neuronal ________ & _______ histologically.

A

necrosis & gliosis

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14
Q

Newcastle Disease can cause clinical signs in 4 different body systems:

A

respiratory
CNS
enteric
reproductive

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15
Q

Vaccination for Newcastle Disease Virus can use ________ strains or inactivated vaccines.

A

lentogenic

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16
Q

Which virus is endemic to Africa & Egypt, is zoonotic, and readily infects humans?

A

Rift Valley Fever Virus

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17
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus is part of which Family? Which Genus?

A

Family: Bunyaviridae
Genus: Phlebovirus

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18
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (positive/negative) sense (DNA/RNA) virus with 3 segments.

A

enveloped negative sense RNA virus

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19
Q

While Rift Valley Fever Virus infects ruminants, dogs, cats, swine, and humans, which two are the Amplifying hosts?

A

ruminants & humans

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20
Q

(T/F) Rift Valley Fever Virus is most severe in sheep and young animals.

A

True

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21
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus is a(n) _______-borne virus.

A

arthropod

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22
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus is transmitted by ______ vectors and _______ transmission.

A

insect
aerosols

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23
Q

The main clinical sign with Rift Valley Fever Virus is:

A

epidemic hepatitis

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24
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus causes massive liver necrosis, high rate of ________, and (high/low) mortality in calves/lambs.

A

abortion
high

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25
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus causes these clinical signs in which species?

flu-like disease
fatal hemorrhagic fever
encephalitis

A

humans

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26
Q

Orbiviruses include which 3 specific viruses?

A
  1. African Horse Sickness Virus
  2. Bluetongue Virus
  3. Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
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27
Q

African Horse Sickness Virus is considered an “________”.

A

arbovirus

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28
Q

African Horse Sickness Virus is transmitted by what kind of vectors?

A

arthropods (ticks, mosquitos, culicoides)

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29
Q

______ develop severe disease while _______ & ______ develop mild disease to African Horse Sickness Virus.

A

horses
donkeys/zebras

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30
Q

African Horse Sickness Virus infects hosts via infect bite and infecting ________ which eventually goes to the lung, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys, and lymph nodes.

A

leukocytes

31
Q

List the 4 syndromes/forms that can occur due to infection with African Horse Sickness Virus.

A
  1. peracute pulmonary form
  2. subacute cardiac form
  3. horse sickness fever
  4. mixed form
32
Q

(T/F) Papilloma viruses are host-specific and zoonotic.

A

False - NOT zoonotic

33
Q

Grossly, Papilloma viruses are:

A

warts (rarely neoplasia)

34
Q

Papilloma viruses are (ss/ds) (DNA/RNA) viruses that infect ________ cells.

A

dsDNA
epithelial

35
Q

Papilloma viruses can be ________, which infect upper differentiated epithelial cells, or ________, which infect basal epithelial cells.

A

productive
non-productive

36
Q

List 4 viruses discussed that are Papilloma viruses.

A
  1. bovine papilloma viruses
  2. equine sarcoid virus
  3. equine papillomavirus
  4. canine papilloma viruses
37
Q

Bovine Papilloma Viruses can appear in two forms:

A

cutaneous
esophageal

38
Q

Equine ________ is a locally aggressive, non-metastatic fibroblastic skin tumor.

A

sarcoid

39
Q

Equine Sarcoid occurs in (old/young) horses.

A

young

40
Q

Multiple factors such as genetics, skin trauma, and _______ Papillomavirus Types 1 & 2 can cause Equine Sarcoid.

A

bovine

41
Q

Equine Sarcoid can appear 3 ways clinically. Match the term to its description:

  1. small, wart-like growth
  2. variable (nodule or ulcerated mass)
  3. slow-growing, thickened skin
A
  1. verrucous
  2. fibroblastic
  3. occult
42
Q

Equine Papillomavirus can cause _________ warts in young horses or _________ warts in horses of any age.

A

cutaneous
flat

43
Q

There are ___ Canine Papilloma Viruses which cause skin warts and 1 which causes Canine _____ Papillomavirus.

A

3
oral

44
Q

(T/F) Poxviridae is very environmentally stable, surviving for years in dust.

A

True

45
Q

Poxviridae is a (large/small) (ss/ds) (DNA/RNA) virus.

A

large dsDNA virus

46
Q

Where does Poxviridae replicate?

A

cytoplasm

47
Q

_________ immunity is needed to protect from Poxviridae while ________ immunity is not protective.

A

cell-mediated
humoral

48
Q

Poxviridae is transmitted through shedding via:

A

scabs

49
Q

Poxviridae causes a gross lesion called a _______ and a histological lesion called _________.

A

pock
viroplasms

50
Q

Capripoxviruses include which 3 specific viruses? Which species are affected?

A
  1. sheeppox (sheep)
  2. goatpox (goats)
  3. lumpy skin disease virus (cattle)
51
Q

Capripoxviruses are inoculated or inhaled and then replicate in _________, leading to viremia and subsequent infection of __________.

A

lymphoid tissues
keratinocytes/epithelial cells

52
Q

List two possible clinical signs other than pock formation from Sheeppox and Goatpox Viruses.

A

mucosal ulcers
pneumonia

53
Q

Lumpy Skin Disease Virus causes diffuse dermal or subdermal pocks called _________ and central, inverted conical areas of necrosis called “_________”.

A

granulomas
sit-fast

54
Q

List the 4 viruses that are Orthopox Viruses.

A
  1. Vaccinia Virus
  2. Cowpox Virus
  3. Monkeypox Virus
  4. Variola Virus
55
Q

________ virus is an Orthropox virus which protects humans from smallpox.

A

vaccinia

56
Q

________ Virus is spread via direct contact, infects a variety of species, and was used by Edward Jenner to protect humans from smallpox.

A

Cowpox

57
Q

Match the clinical signs of Cowpox Virus to the species:

  1. fever, ulcerated nodules, pneumonia
  2. vesicles/ulcers (udder, teat)
  3. pock (face or hands)
A
  1. cats
  2. cows
  3. humans
58
Q

________ Virus infects squirrels, non-human primates, and humans, spread via respiratory transmission.

A

Monkeypox

59
Q

Humans infected with ________ virus develop swollen lymph nodes and blister rashes that resembles smallpox.

A

Monkeypox

60
Q

What is the reservoir host for Cowpox & Monkeypox Viruses?

A

rodents

61
Q

_______ Virus is the cause of smallpox, the first eradicated disease.

A

variola

62
Q

Variola Virus causes fever followed by _______ formation.

A

pock

63
Q

Contagious Ecthyma / Pustular Dermatitis Virus and Pseudocowpox Viruses are a part of which overall group of viruses?

A

Parapoxvirus

64
Q

Which parapoxvirus is one of the most common zoonoses?

A

Contagious Ecthyma / Pustular Dermatitis Virus

65
Q

Contagious Ecthyma infects which 3 species?

A

sheep, goats, humans

66
Q

Immunity to Contagious Ecthyma is (short/long) term.

A

short

67
Q

What are the major clinical signs of Contagious Ecthyma?

A

crusted ulcers & thick scabs (teats, udders of ewes)

68
Q

Which virus is zoonotic and its main clinical sign if a horseshoe red lesion on the teats, udder, or perineum?

A

Pseudocowpox

69
Q

List 2 Leporipoxviruses in Rabbits.

A

Myxoma Virus
Rabbit Fibroma Virus

70
Q

_________ Virus causes benign skin fibroma in ALL rabbits while ________ Virus causes conjunctivitis and death in European rabbits but benign skin fibroma in wild rabbits.

A

Rabbit Fibroma
Myxoma

71
Q

__________ is a worldwide endemic swine pox virus with high morbidity and low mortality.

A

suipoxvirus (swinepox)

72
Q

Suipoxvirus can be transmitted via direct contact and mechanical vector, ___________ ________.

A

Hematopinus suis (louse)

73
Q
A

Virology (13 decks)

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