Viral Diagnosis (Exam 1)

Question 1

Tests like ELISA or immunocytochemistry detects viral _________ to make a viral diagnosis.

Answer 1

antigens/proteins

Question 2

Tests such as PCR / sequencing detect viral _______ to make a viral diagnosis.

Answer 2

nucleic acids

Question 3

Serology tests detect viral _______ to make a viral diagnosis.

Answer 3

antibody

Question 4

What type of diagnostic testing is used to directly visualize a virus?

Answer 4

electron microscopy

Question 5

(T/F) A positive lab result assumes that an animal was infected at time of sampling but may or may not have the disease.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

With viruses such as Canine Parvovirus and Distemper, a positive lab result indicates disease, while a virus such as ________ may not indicate that disease is present.

Answer 6

Bovine Leukemia

Question 7

What are the 3 exceptions to a positive antibody test (which otherwise you would typically assume an animal is infected)?

Answer 7

1. vaccination
2. previous infection
3. maternally-derived antibody

Question 8

When a virus is detected but is NOT present in a sample this is called:

Answer 8

false positive

Question 9

With most negative lab results, you can assume the patient is uninfected. What are the 3 exceptions?

Answer 9

1. wrong sample time
2. wrong sample location/choice
3. wrong individual animal

Question 10

When no virus is detected but it is present in the sample, this is called:

Answer 10

false negative

Question 11

If a viral laboratory test has no clear positive or negative result and needs to be retested, this is called:

Answer 11

inconclusive

Question 12

(T/F) Blood laboratory samples are commonly used for viral respiratory disease testing.

Answer 12

False - NOT useful

Question 13

(T/F) Acute infections should be sampled for viral testing ASAP after clinical signs begin.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

(Fixed/unfixed) tissue is best for PCR and ELISA testing.

Answer 14

unfixed

Question 15

(Fixed/unfixed) tissue is best for microscopy and immunocytochemistry.

Answer 15

fixed

Question 16

Respiratory disease samples most commonly use ________ antemortem or from lung tissue at necropsy.

Answer 16

nasal swab

Question 17

_________ is the best test to confirm the diagnosis of FIP virus.

Answer 17

immunocytochemistry

Question 18

(T/F) A positive test differentiates an active infection from vaccination.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

In Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, the virus is recognized as “self” and therefore, _______ are not made against the virus.

Answer 19

antibodies