female reproductive system Flashcards
(47 cards)
what is The only human organ system significantly different between female and males
human reproductive system
what in both sexes is designed to facilitate the continuation of the species
anatomy and physiology
wheres the uterus located
between bladder & rectum.
what are the 2 female gonads and their function
Female gonads
Two ovaries; produce egg cells (ova) & sex hormones
whats the shape of the ovaries
almond-shaped organs (3x1.5x1cm)
what is within the capsule of the ovaries
tunica albuginea
what happens in the outer cortex of the ovaries
germ cells develop
what is found in the inner medulla of the ovaries
major arteries & veins
what is oogenesis
production of secondary oocyte
what is ovulation
release of secondary oocyte
what the name of the fertilised oocyte
zygote
what happens after ovulation
After ovulation, follicle still has important function:
- transformed into glandular structure ‘corpus luteum’: secretes progesterone (& oestrogen), lasts through pregnancy, otherwise 10-12 days then degenerates (corpus albicans)
where does your life as an egg actually start
Your life as an egg actually started in your mother’s developing ovary, before she was born; you were wrapped in your mother’s foetal body as it developed within your grandmother.
explain the process of oogenesis when oogonium develops into a zygote
during foetal development meiosis 1 begins
then
after puberty, primary oocytes complete meiosis 1, which produces a secondary oocyte and a first polar body that may or may not divide again
then
secondary oocyte begins meiosis 2
then
a secondary oocyte (and first polar body) is ovulated
then
after fertilisation, meiosis 2 resumes. the oocyte splits into a ovum and a second polar body
then finally
the nuclei of the sperm cell and the ovum unite, forming a diploid (2n) xygote
what is oogenesis for and when does it occur
Development of oogonium to mature ovum
Occurs at different stages of female life
eg:
- pre natal -> mitosis and growth, forming primary oocyte from oogonium.
- puberty -> meiosis 1, forming secondary oocyte
- fertilization -> meiosis 2 , forming ovum
name the 9 stages of the ovarian cycle
1 = primordial follicle;
2 = primary follicle;
3 & 4 = growing primary follicle;
5 = secondary follicle with antrum forming;
6 = mature follicle;
7 = ruptured follicle, ovulation; 8 = corpus luteum;
9 = corpus albicans.
name the secondary follicles
Oocyte
Zona pellucida = layer of glycoprotein
Granulosa cells
Thecal cells = = cells adjacent to granulosa cells but in the ovarian stroma, form a layer around the follicle;
Primordial follicles
An atretic (degenerating) follicle (single arrow)
both the zona pellucida and thecal cell types work together to produce oestrogens.
how many oviducts are there and whats another name for them
2
fallopian tubes
whats the length of the uterine tubes and where do they branch from and to
10cm long from ovary to uterus
explain the shape of the uterine tubes
Trumpet-shaped infundibulum at ovary with feathery projections (fimbrae)
explain some of the arts to the uterine tubes
Ampulla = middle part of tube
Narrow isthmus near uterus
SMC ( smooth muscle cell) wall
convoluted mucosa
Ciliated & secretory cells
what do Ciliated cells of oviduct do
Sweep the egg along the oviduct towards the uterus
describe the uterus shape
Pear-shaped
size (7 x 4 x 2.5 cm)
what does the uterus do
Harbours embryo, provides nutrition, expels foetus at end of development
