Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MIMM 413 > Filaria > Flashcards

Filaria Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: filaria is a roundworm

A

true it is a nematode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where do adult filaria live

A

in body cavities, lymphatics and subvutaneous tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

microfilaria (embyos) live where

A

live in blood or dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the vectors of filaria

A

they require an insect or custacean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how long is the microfilaria

A

150-350 u long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how long is the filaria

A

2-12cm long and 4-10u wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which are the parasites of filaria that live in the blood

A

-wucheria bancrofti
-brugia malayi
-brugia timori
-loa loa
-mansonella ozzardi
-mansonella perstans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the geographic distribution, vector and tyoe of disease of wucheria bancrofti

A

-all tropics
-mosquito
-lymphatic filiarisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the geographic distribution, vector and tyoe of disease of brugia malayi

A

-south east asia
-mosquito
-lymphatic filiarisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the geographic distribution, vector and tyoe of disease of brugia timori

A

-timor, indonesia
-mosquito
-lymphatic filiaisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the geographic distribution, vector and tyoe of disease of loa loa

A

-african forest areas
-deer fly
-eye worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the geographic distribution, vector and tyoe of disease of mansonella ozzardi

A

-new world caribbean
-midge
-eye worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the geographic distribution, vector and tyoe of disease of mansonella perstans

A

-all tropics
-midge
-eye worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the filaria that live in the blood

A

-onchocerca volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the geographic distribution, vector and tyoe of disease of onchocerca volvutus

A

-africa, yemen, central and south america
-black fly
-river blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lymphatic group: filaria

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cutaneous group filaria

A

Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

body cavity group filaria

A

Mansonella persitans
Mansonella ozzardi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

true or false: wucheria bancrofti cause elephantiasis

A

yeah aka lymphatic filariasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the lenght if male and female wucheria

A

Males: Length 4-5 cm
Females: Length 6-10 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

true or false: microfilaria in wucheria had a sheath in the tail

A

truewhat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the host of wucheria

A

humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the lenght of brugia

A

Males: 1-2 cm long
Females: 8-10 cm long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the vector of wuheria

A

Mosquito (many species)
eg. Anopheles, Aedes, Culex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
true or false: brugia has a sheath in the tail
true
26
what is the definitive host of brugia
humans and monkeys
27
what is the vector of brugia
mosquitoes, many species such as aedes and culex
28
what is the global distribution of lymphatic filariasis
33% in India 33% in Africa 33% in Asia,Pacific,Americas
29
how many people are infected with filariasis
120 million -90% develop bancroftian filariasis
30
how many people develop the pathology of bancroftian filariasis
44 million
31
what are the 4 phases of wucheria bancrofti
-asymptomatic -inflammatory -obstructive -tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
32
inflammatory wucheria
- lymphangitis - arms 25% - legs 11% - epididymitis, funiculitis 42% - ‘filarial fever’ - orchitis - filarial abscess
33
obstructive wucheris
-elephantiasis -chyluria -hydrocele
34
true or false: the incubation phase in filaria is mostly asymptomatic
true it is upuntil there is the appearance of microfilaria
35
what causes the acute or inflammatory phase
females reach maturity and release microfilaria
36
what happens during the acute or inflammatory phase of filariasis
- Intense lymphatic inflammation, chills, fever, and toxemia. - Swollen lymph nodes. lymphadenitis, orchitis, hydrocele, epidymitis
37
what causes the obstructive phase of filariasis
-blockage of lymphatic ducts -inflammation of lymph nodes and walls
38
what happens in the obstructive phase in filariasis
- Lymph node backs up and passes into surrounding tissue - followed by fibrosis, chyluria, elephantiasis
39
what is chylocele
- white lymph fluid in the cavity of the Tunica vaginalis testis - caused by rupture of dilated lymp
40
what is acute filarial lumphangitis
-afl -caused by the death of the adult worm
41
what is hydrocele
- collection of serous fluid in the cavity of the Tunica vaginalis testis - caused by lymphatic dysfunction
42
what is chyluria
- Milky fluid due to the presence of white lymph from a ruptured dilated lymphatic vessel in the excretory urinary tract
43
what are the factors of the pathogenesis of lymphatic filarial disease
-inflammatory/immune mediators -other factors -death of parasite/wolbachia -secundary bacterial/fungal infections
44
what is a sign of an acute attack of filariasis
skin is tense and red
45
what is the diagnosis for filaria
* presence of microfilariae - finger prick (blood smears) - skin snips * circulating filarial antigen (CFA) (Wuchereria) - IgG4 ELISA tropical eosinophilia syndrome * Antifilarial antibodies (IgG and IgE) * IgG4 to recombinant antigen
46
what are the treatment for filariasis
-diethylcarbamazine aka dec -albendazole -vermectin
47
* Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
* Sensitizes microfilaria to phagocytosis * Optimal dose does not clear all the microfilaria and only a proportion of adult worms are killed * 70-80% reduction in transmission using DEC
48
Albendazole
-for wucheria -* It acts by inhibiting the polymerization of beta-tubulin and microtubule formation Treatment * Specific for parasite tubulin
49
Ivermectin
*Acts by hyperpolarization of Glutamate-sensitive channels. Glu-Cl receptors (specific to parasite receptors) and chloride channel permeability * 90% reduction in transmission using Ivermectin * Up to 99% reduction in transmission using DEC + Ivermectin
50
Chemotherapeutic control: of wucheria: the 3 main objective
- Reduced mortality - Reduced transmission - Interrupt transmission (vector control)
51
true or false: vector control is hard for filaria
true
52
Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (WHO): objectives
* To interrupt the transmission of infection - single dose; two-drug regimen * to alleviate and prevent suffering and disability - secondary infections
53
international elimination program for lymphatic filariasis, it relies on what?
On breaking transmission through yearly mass treatments of entire communities with the anthelmintic drugs Albendazole (Glaxo SmithKline ) in combination with Diethylcarbamazine or Ivermectin (Merck Co.)
54
Filarial molecules activate both....
pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory reactions
55
which tyoe of response does filariasis promotes
th2
56
true or false: in asymptomatic microfilaria people, there were higher blocking levels of igg compaired to those that have the chronic lymphatic pathology
true
57
igg1 and igg4 significated the difference between what groups
the groups that had: -microfilaria but no clinical disease: had more igg4 -and those that have chronic lymphatic pathology had less: igg1 -
58
IgG4 levels correlate with blocking activity in ...... serum
those that have microfilaria in blood but no clinical presentation
59
Depletion of IgG4 leads to reduction in blocking activity in MF sera by ....
53-81%
60
Lymphatic Filariasis was targeted for elimination in ...
1997 we still have it lol but our treatments work well there is barely any transmission: 1% for moderate and 5% for high rate
61
what are the other named of loa loa
“Loiasis” “eye worm” “Calabar Swellings
62
what does onchocerca volvulus cause
river blindness
63
how many people are infected with loa loa
30 million
64
how many people are affected by river blindness
- 270,000 with blindness -500,000 with severe visual impairment
65
how many microfilaria does onchocerca sheds per day
1900
66
signs of onchocerca infection
-skin lesions -skin nodules -eye lesions
67
what are the skin lesions form loaloa
edema pruritus papules scab-like eruptions altered pigmentation lichenification
68
what are the eye lesions fue to loaloa
punctate keratitis pannus formation corneal fibrosis glaucoma optic atrophy
69
loaloa pathology is associated with
Is associated with a long-standing host inflammatory response to proteins from live, dead and/or dying microfilaria
70
inflammatory response of loaloa is mediated by what
eosinophils
71
When O. volvulus invades the cornea it causes inflammation of the...
sclera, cornea, iris and retina
72
fibrosis leads to blindness ....
7-9 years later
73
Dermatitis
Itching lead to secondary bacterial infection followed by thickening, discoloration and cracking of the skin: Lichenification
74
what is pannus formation
a slow progressive degenerative disease of the cornea
75
in burkina faso: about 46% of infected men and 35% of women were blind due to .....
onchocercasis
76
which country has the highest number of blind in the world due to onchocercasis
chad
77
diagnosis of loa loa
-microfilaris: skin snip -if negative the mazzotti test is used: DEC patch=itching * Detection of filarial antigen * Detection of anti-filarial antibodies –O. volvulus IgG4 * Complete blood cell count – eosinophilia
78
treatment for loaloa
-nodulectomy: -chemotherapy
79
chemo therapy for loaloa
-Diethylcarbamazine is more toxic -Ivermectin: Well-tolerated Action on microfilariae Reduces fecundity in adult female worms
80

MIMM 413 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions