Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIMM 413 > Strongyloidiasis > Flashcards

Strongyloidiasis Flashcards

1
Q

Strongyloidiasis is caused by what

A

strongyloides stercoralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the fourth most important nematode infection in the world

A

strongyloides stercoralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the mortality for strongyloides stercoralis

A

Dissemination in immunocompromised patients and those receiving
corticosteroids (mortality up to 85%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what caused diarrhee de la cochinchine

A

Strongyloides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the names of Strongyloides

A

Bavay named Anguillula stercoralis and then Anguillula intestinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who established the genus strongyloides

A

grassi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who elucidated the life cycle of

A

Fulleborn (1911), Kreis (1932) and Faust (1933)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does S procyonis (raccoon) do

A

Threadworms, heterogenetic, free-living and parasitic generations, include
at least 40 named species)w

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the main strongyloides species

A

S. stercoralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many people are infected with strongyloides

A

370 million of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is strongyloides

A
  • All tropical and subtropical regions
  • Europe (Northern Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Poland)
  • USA (Appalachian region, West Virginia)
  • Japan (Okinawa)
  • Australia (aboriginal populations)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain life cycle strongyloides

A

-autoinfection
-homogonic cycle
heterogenic cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The first-stage juveniles (J1) often are referred to as

A

rhabditiform because posterior
end and esophagus separated by a prominent bulb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how big is the free living female strongyloides

A

2-3 mm long
37 um wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the lenght of free living strongyloides

A

0.9mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why is strongyloides unique

A

has a free-living life cycle and
an autoinfective cycle in addition to the normal parasitic type life cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the hosts of strongyloides

A

Natural: Humans
other primates
dogs
cats
Experimentally:
gerbils
Patas monkeys
SCID mice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

reproduction of strongyloides

A

-Parasitic adults are parthenogenetic.
-Free-living adults are sexual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where does the stronfyloides female live

A

in the small intestibe in the epithelial mucosa and the crypts of liberkuhn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

true or false: in strongyloides, the eggs are embryonated when laid

A

yeah it is L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in strongyloides, which stage is the one in which life history decisions are made

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how big are the strongyloides eggs

A

(50-58 um by 30-34 um)

22
Q

what does L1 have in terms of physical things

A

-esophagus
-genital primodium

23
Q

what is the autoinfective stage in strongyloides

A

L3a
has an intestine and a filariform esophagus

24
Q

autoinfection of strongyloides: triggers

A
  1. Corticosteroids (prednisone)
  2. Immunosuppression (tacrolimus)
  3. Neonatal infections
  4. Infections with transplanted adults
  5. Co-infection with Th-1 inducing pathogens
  6. Massive initial infections
  7. Intestinal stasis
25
Q

Homogonic (direct) development
vs
Heterogonic (indirect) development of strongyloides: determinants

A
  1. Immune status of the host
  2. Environmental parameters
  3. Presence of food
26
Q

Third stage infective larva (L3i): behavior

A
  1. Positively thermotacic
  2. Attracted to salt
  3. Increased movement in presence of CO2
  4. Attracted to urocanic acid
  5. Positively geotactic
27
Q

Migration starts with a “layover” in the skin for strongyloides

A

1-2 days

28
Q

migration from the skin takes how long for strongyloides

A

4 days

29
Q

in strongyloides how long does it take for the larva to reach the small intestine

A

5-6 days

30
Q

how long does to take for stringyloides to reach l4

A

4 days

31
Q

young adults of strongyloides in the intestine at … days post infection

A

7 days post infection

32
Q

to see l1 in feces for strongyloides how long does it take

A

10-14 days lol

33
Q

CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS of strongyloides

A
  • Urticarial rashes
  • Migratory serpiginous dermatitis
  • Periumbilical cutaneous purpura
34
Q

pulmonary manifestations of strongyloides

A
  • Diffuse bronchopneumonia
  • Intra-alveolar hemorrrhage
35
Q

GI manifestation of strongyloides

A
  • Epigastric abdominal pain
  • Postprandial fullness
  • Heartburn
  • Brief episodes of diarrhea
  • Malabsorption
36
Q

diagnostic challenges of strongyloides

A

-fatal disease in immunocompromised and lifelong autoinfection
-intermittent larval excretion
-insensitivity of standard lan techniques
-insensitivity of our best larva finding technique aka agar plate
-no available gold standard test like ag capture, pcr
-non specificity of standard strongyloides serologies

37
Q

true or false: there is. a test recombinant antigen for strongyloides

A

yeah

38
Q

20 Canadian children between age 3 and 16 with eosinophilic oesophagitis, how many were seropositive for strongyloides crude antigen

A

45%
-but they never travelled to strongyloides endemic areas
-The parents and embarrassingly non-specific serology

39
Q

Specificity Testing of Strongyloides Recombinant Antigen serology what are the advantages

A

.. no endemic Strongyloides stercoralis
.. Plenty of trichinellosis in Arctic (non-travellers)
.. Plenty of other eosinophilic enteridides (eg Eosinophilic esophagitis)
.. Some sylvatic hydatids
.. Very rare human dirofilariasis

40
Q

Specificity Testing of Strongyloides Recombinant Antigen serology what are the disadvantages

A

.. Southern Canada endemic for Strongyloides procyonis (in
raccoon)
.. Other endemic Canadian helminths include Echinococcus
granulosis (sylvatic), Toxocara canis, Baylisascaris
procyonis, Diphyllobothrium spp.

41
Q

TREATMENT for strongyloides

A
  • Ivermectin: 200 ug/kg per day
  • Thiabendazole: 50 mg/kg per day
  • Albendazole: 400 mg orally for adults and 15mg/kg per day for children
42
Q

Transmission of HTLV-1 occurs through

A

breast feeding, sexual intercourse, transfusion of contaminated blood products or sharing of contaminated syringes and needles.

43
Q

HTLV-1: Human T-cell-lymphotropic virus (endemic….

A

in Japan, Africa, the Caribbean and South America

44
Q

Patients with strongyloidiasis and HTLV-1 co-infection (n = 12) had more……

A

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae found in stool when compared to strongyloidiasis-only patients

45
Q

Increased proportions of regulatory T cells in strongyloidiasis/…

A

HTLV-1 co-infected patients.

46
Q

…… responses to larval Strongyloides stercoralis antigens are decreased in
patients with strongyloidiasis and HTLV-1 co-infection compared to HTLV-1
negative subjects with strongyloidiasis

A

IL-5

47
Q

Increased numbers of regulatory T cells correlates with reduced….

A

IL-5 responses to Strongyloides Stercorarius larval antigens

48
Q

the hyperinfection is has a high mortality rate of?

A

15-87%

49
Q

what are the risk factors for hyperinfection syndrome

A

-predisposing conditions
-htlv-1 infection

50
Q

which immune response is inhibited caused by hyperinfection syndrome

A

th2 cell mediated

51
Q

recommendations for strongyloides

A

-Immigrant…screening
-Investigating peripheral eosinophilia
-Chemotherapy Pre-immunosuppression screening
-Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) patient
-Strongyloides post-treatment follow-up

52
Q
A

MIMM 413 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions