Giardia

Question 1

true or false: giardia is a protozoa

Answer 1

true

Question 2

true or false: giardia is non flagellated

Answer 2

false it is flagellated

Question 3

who found giardia first

Answer 3

antony van leeuwenhoek

Question 4

what are the names of giardia intestinalis

Answer 4

G. lamblia or G. duodenalis

Question 5

true or false: giardia infects the intestine

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what does giardia cause

Answer 6

diarrhea

Question 7

what is the most common enteropathogen worldwide

Answer 7

giardia

Question 8

true or false: giardia is not a fatal infection

Answer 8

true but it does play a role in millions of deaths yearly
-due to the diarrhea

Question 9

g muris infects what

Answer 9

rodents

Question 10

g agilis infects what

Answer 10

amphibians

Question 11

g ardae infects what

Answer 11

great blue heronw

Question 12

hat does g microti infect

Answer 12

voles

Question 13

what does g lamblia infect

Answer 13

humans

Question 14

what does giardia infect

Answer 14

the upper part of the intestine

Question 15

what is the type of life cycle of giardia

Answer 15

direct

Question 16

which part of the infectious cycle is infectuous in giardia

Answer 16

cyst

Question 17

giardia can survive in water at 4 degrees for how long?

Answer 17

3 months

Question 18

how many cysts are sufficient to infect humans for giardia

Answer 18

10

Question 19

About ….. of people in developed countries have had giardiasis

Answer 19

1/3

Question 20

giardia affects how % of adults and kids

Answer 20

2% of adults and 6-8% of kids

Question 21

which is the most common commonly diagnosed intestinal parasite in us and canada

Answer 21

giardia

Question 22

how many cases per year in the usa but what is the incidence

Answer 22

-20 000 cases/year
-2 million

Question 23

giardia is fatal for who

Answer 23

immunocompromised people
-hiv, transplant peeps, old and kids

Question 24

what is the prevalence of giardia acute infection

Answer 24

20-30%

Question 25

where is giardia mostly found

Answer 25

Russia, E. Europe, Turkey, SE Asia, Central America, Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 26

giardia cyst is resistant to what?

Answer 26

chlorine

Question 27

giardia cyst is not resistant to what

Answer 27

freezing

Question 28

what does the giardia cyst dimensions

Answer 28

6-10 u and is elliptically shaped

Question 29

the giardia cyst wall is composed of what

Answer 29

fibrous components containing polymers of galactosamine and proteins

Question 30

what does induce the encystation process for giardia

Answer 30

stomach acids

Question 31

biological features of giardia

Answer 31

* Two nuclei (lack nucleoli) -has a ventral disk * Absence of functional mitochondria * Lack peroxisomes * Altered Golgi apparatus * Dependant on anaerobic respiration

Question 32

giardia: after infestion of the cyst what happens....

Answer 32

-two trophozoites emerge in the duodenum and attch to the host small intestinal mucosa

Question 33

how do giardia multiply

Answer 33

binary fission in the lumen of the intestine -they colonize the small bowel

Question 34

in giardia: some of the tropozoite encysts and are released how?

Answer 34

fecal materials

Question 35

how many pairs of flagella in giardia and where are they from

Answer 35

-four pairs of flagella -originate from the basal bodies located near the nucleus

Question 36

what is unique to giardia cells

Answer 36

median body

Question 37

in giardia: virus and bacteria are found where?

Answer 37

in the cytoplasm, they are endosybionts

Question 38

what is the ventral disk made of

Answer 38

complex microtubules and fibrous structures -structure is rich in tubulin, termed giardin

Question 39

what is the role of the ventral disck in giardia

Answer 39

serves as organelles of attachment

Question 40

what have been used to study giardia in humans

Answer 40

mice and giardia muris -ther gerbil g lamblia model has been used to study the epidemiology and pathology of the disease

Question 41

mode of transmission giardia

Answer 41

-drinking contaminated water -contaminated rivers, lakes etc and it is known as beaver fever -eating contaminated food -oerson to person contact

Question 42

true or false: giardia lamblia infects a wide range of mammals which acts as a reservoir

Answer 42

yeah like cattle

Question 43

an infected person with cysts sheds how many a day

Answer 43

1 billion per day

Question 44

in usa: how many cysts a day in waters

Answer 44

-10,000 – 100,000 cysts/litre in untreated sewage -10 – 100 cysts/litre in treated sewage -10 cyst/litre in surface water and even in tap water.

Question 45

true or false: 70% of infected peeps with giardia are unaware

Answer 45

false, it is 90%

Question 46

symtoms of giardia appear when ? and lasts for how long

Answer 46

6-15 days after infection and can last for 2-6 weekswh

Question 47

what are the most common symptoms of giardia

Answer 47

-diarrhea 96% -weakness 72% -loss of apetite and weight loss 50%

Question 48

what are two complications of giardia

Answer 48

malabsorbtion and dehydratation

Question 49

giardia can be asymptomatic or the cause of what?

Answer 49

of a severe enteropathy with malabsorbtion

Question 50

giardia: pathology in the small bowel can be evaluated by what?

Answer 50

measuring the villus to crypt ratio

Question 51

during the acute phase of the infection of giardia: there is a decrease of what and an increase in what

Answer 51

-Decrease of the height of the villi. -Increase in the height of the crypt.

Question 52

giardiasis can be acute and.... or ...

Answer 52

acute and self limiting or chronic

Question 53

when does malabsorbtion happen in giardiasis

Answer 53

-happens during the acute phase of the infection -disapears after the elimination of the tropozoite from the small intestine

Question 54

what are the 3 distinct phases in the life cycle of giardia

Answer 54

1. A latent period 2. An acute phase 3. An elimination phase

Question 55

innate immunity: giardiasis

Answer 55

1. Presence of mucus in the small intestine acts as a barrier to the invasion of mucosal tissue. 2. Normal human milk can kill Giardia trophozoites.

Question 56

adaptive immunity giardia:

Answer 56

1. Both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are playing a role. 2. A local inflammatory reaction develops in the small intestinal mucosa. 3. The number of plasma cells present in the crypt increases. They are producing mainly IgA antibodies.

Question 57

which antibodies are the most common in giardiasis

Answer 57

igm and iga are prominant

Question 58

in giardiasis: igm plasma cells are prominant during when

Answer 58

in the early phase of the infection

Question 59

in giardiasis: iga plasma cells are prominent when

Answer 59

during the acute phase of the infection

Question 60

in giardiasis: circulating antibodies are found in the blood but are .....

Answer 60

not useful for protection nor diagnosis

Question 61

diagnosis giardia

Answer 61

1. ELISA 2. Stool examination for trophozoites and cysts (usually 3 samples) 3. PCR: detection of different isolates

Question 62

treatment for giardiasis:

Answer 62

-metronidazole: fucks u up -tinidazole: fucks u up -ornidazole: fucks u up -quinacrine: nausea and vomitting -furazolidone: nausea and vomitting -paromomycin: nephrotocixity

Question 63

matronidazole:

Answer 63

-Selectively binds to and damages DNA in anaerobic protozoa: Giardia, Ameba, Trichomonas vaginalis -Highly active against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, Clostirdium difficile, Helicobacter pylori -Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, which breaks down alcohol.