Lecture 3

Question 1

how many cases of cutaneous leish

Answer 1

300 millions

Question 2

how many cases of visceral leish

Answer 2

50 million cases

Question 3

where are 50% of the visceral leish cases

Answer 3

mostly in bihar, nepal and bangladesh

Question 4

true or false in an 100 years most of the cases of leish are still at the same spot

Answer 4

true

Question 5

true or false: multiple amastigotes can infect the same macrophages

Answer 5

true

Question 6

how many days does it take for a cycle of leishmania in the sandfly

Answer 6

8 days

Question 7

true or false: it is the male sandfly that bites

Answer 7

false it is the female sandfly that bites cuz she needs the nutrients

Question 8

how long does a sandfly lives

Answer 8

20 days

Question 9

amastigotes first convert into the …. stage and rapidely multiply in the midgut

Answer 9

procyclic

Question 10

procyclic converts to the … stage then to … in the thoracic midgut

Answer 10

nectomonad and leptomonad

Question 11

leptomonads convert to…. that are the human infective stage and takes….. days

Answer 11

metacyclics and takes about 6-8 days

Question 12

how does the sandfly gets the blood

Answer 12

-when it bites it chops the skin to draw the blood out
-then it secretes the amastigotes there

Question 13

true or false leish only infects macrophages

Answer 13

false it also infects neutrophils

Question 14

the leish cutaneous lesions are caused by what

Answer 14

the immune response

Question 15

true or false: cutaneous leish only replicates in the macrophages

Answer 15

true

Question 16

true or false: the dermis is full of immune cells

Answer 16

true

Question 17

in visceral leish: the amastigotes leave the skin and enters the macrophages of…..

Answer 17

visceral organs like the bone marrow, liver and spleen

Question 18

leishmania has how many chromosomes and how many genes

Answer 18

36 chr and 8000 genes

Question 19

true or false: in leish there are blocks of genes on one strand of dna and then other blocks on the other

Answer 19

true

Question 20

true or false: each genes in leish habe their own promotors

Answer 20

false leish has very few promotors, most genes are regulated by one promotor

Question 21

what is the class of leish

Answer 21

kinetoplastids

Question 22

what is the genus of leish

Answer 22

-leishmania and trypanosomes

Question 23

true or false: leishmania strains all have the same genes

Answer 23

true
-the difference between the diseases are because some genes are pseudognes

Question 24

which country has ld that causes cutaneous leish

Answer 24

sri lanka

Question 25

why was Ld causing cutaneous leish in sri lanka

Answer 25

-host genetic differences: decreases susceptibility to visceral disease -parasite genetic differences: decreased virulence for visceral infection

Question 26

what makes a leish hybrid

Answer 26

-when a sandfly gets a meal from someone infected with visceral and another infected with cutaneous

Question 27

true or false: hybrids typically result in cutenous leish

Answer 27

true

Question 28

how many genes in Ld

Answer 28

83

Question 29

which drug is used to treat cutaneous leish

Answer 29

pentavalent antimony

Question 30

pentavalent antimony was used for which diseases

Answer 30

-syphilis -trypanosomiasis -visceral leish

Question 31

true or false: antimony is quite toxic

Answer 31

true

Question 32

what is the chemical sign for antomony

Answer 32

sb

Question 33

true or false: antimony is a heavy metal

Answer 33

true

Question 34

what produces a dark blue color (oxidized) first used as a cosmetic ancient egypt/india

Answer 34

antimony

Question 35

who won the nobel prize in 1908 and why

Answer 35

paul ehrlich because he showed that antomony could be used to treat syphilis/trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis