Film and American History Test 2: West

Question 0

How the British and the French described the West

Answer 0

South

Question 1

As defined by the documentary The West, what is the geographic area of the West (post-Louisiana Purchase)?

Answer 1

• Mississipi River to Pacific Ocean

- Northern Great Plains to the Rio Grande River

Question 2

How the Spanish/Mexicans described the West

Answer 2

North

Question 3

How the Chinese and Russians described the West

Answer 3

East

Question 4

What were the five major groups of people that lived in the West during the 19th century?

Answer 4

1. Settlers from eastern USA: Euro-white Americans and African black Americans
2. Native Americans-American Indians
3. European immigrants
4. Latinos-Hispanics, esp Mexicans
5. Asians, esp Chinese

Question 5

Most persecuted religion in American history

Answer 5

Mormons(lead by Joseph Smith and Brigham Young to Utah in 1840)
-left because Missouri had issued an execution order

Question 6

Why did the West have the most states and territories that gave women the right to vote?

Answer 6

• Lack of traditional society–>fewer limits to new practices
• Females had economic power–>political power
• Wyoming was the first place in the entire world to have women vote

Question 7

Homestead Act

Answer 7

• Piece of federal legislation that “opened up: the West to eastern Americans
• Provided free land for Yeoman famers–>must farm land for 5 years

Question 8

What economic and transportation institution “opened up” the West to eastern Americans?

Answer 8

Railroads

Question 9

After the West was “opened up”, what were the two most important economic activities?

Answer 9

1. Mining
2. Open range cattle ranching
   * attract large numbers of people

Question 10

Where did the cattle trails stretch from?

Answer 10

Texas to railroad towns over the Open Range

Question 11

Used to limited violence in western towns

Answer 11

Gun control

Question 12

According to Frederick Jackson Turner, the Western movement made Americans a unique people by stimulating…

Answer 12

democracy, individualism, and nationalism

Question 13

Number of buffalo

Answer 13

1865-15 million

1900-fewer than 400

Question 14

Five reasons for the contest of the Native Americans by the non-Indian/eastern Americans

Answer 14

1. Disease
2. Disunity among Indian tribes due to tribal diversity
3. Destructive military technology possessed by US military
4. Destruction of Indian for supply, especially buffalo
5. Diminishing Indian population vs growth of non Indian population

Question 15

Violence: Nationalism

Answer 15

Civil war

Question 16

Violence: Control over state governments

Answer 16

Reconstruction of ex Confederate states(1865-1877)

Question 17

Violence: Racism

Answer 17

White supremacy violence especially in South

Question 18

Violence: Ethnic religions

Answer 18

1. Catholics vs Protestants in northeast cities 1850s
2. Mormons vs USA government
3. Missouri government threatened Mormons with exterminate(1838)
4. Mountain Meadows Massacre(1857)

Question 19

Violence: Nativism

Answer 19

anti-Irish riots in Northeast cities

Question 20

Violence: Moral

Answer 20

abolitionism vs pro slavers, especially Kansas (1855-1861)

Question 21

Violence: Economic labor

Answer 21

1. Great Railroad Strike 1875
2. Homestead Strike 1892
3. Pullman Strike 1893

Question 22

Violence: Unique Special events

Answer 22

Lincoln assassination- over 200 killed due to anger over his murder

Question 23

Violence: Indigenous people

Answer 23

1. American Indian s vs US military wars

2. American Indians vs US citizens

Question 24

Violence: Culture

Answer 24

Astor Place Riot 1849-more than 20 died | -immediate cause/spark supporters of American shakespearean actor VS supporters of British Shakespeare actor

Question 25

Western Wars of Incorporation

Answer 25

``` Violent conflicts(post Civil War West) between economic, cultural, political, and social groups -Stimulated by the integration of the western US in to the national US economy ```

Question 26

Examples of Western Wars of Incorporation

Answer 26

1. Conchise Country War(southern Arizona) : Yankees (Earps) vs Confederates (Clantons) 2. Johnson Country war(Wyoming): cattle ranches vs sheepherders 3. Lincoln Country War(New Mexico): Billy the Kid

Question 27

Kansas Missouri war of 1855-1861

Answer 27

violent clashes between absolutists and proslavers(fire eaters) over existence of slavery in the Kansas territory-->Civil War

Question 28

Bushwhacking

Answer 28

guerrilla warfare in Missouri that used terrorism and brutality

Question 29

William T. (Bloody Bill) Anderson to Jesse James connection

Answer 29

James belonged to Anders bushwalkers

Question 30

Central Massacre

Answer 30

over 150 Union soldiers were brutally murdered and mutiliated by Anderson's bushwalkers (James participated)

Question 31

Post Civil War myth propagated by John Newman Edwards

Answer 31

All ex Confederates were victimized by radical Republicans

Question 32

According to John Newman Edwards, who were the victims of the James gang?

Answer 32

Radical Republican banks and corrupt railroads

Question 33

Why did ex Confederates no longer support Jesse James by the early 1880s?

Answer 33

They had achieved their political goals of relaxing Republicans with Democrats in south state governments

Question 34

Controversy surrounding the role Governor Thomas T. Crittenden played in the death of James

Answer 34

conspired with Robert Ford t murder Jesse James

Question 35

Importance of War of 1812 on Indian resistance to US westward movement

Answer 35

Ended the last significant attempt by Indians to stop the US westward movement

Question 36

Tecumseh

Answer 36

Indian chief who attempted to unite Indian tribes in order to stop the American westward Movement *killed during the War of 1812

Question 37

Five Civilized Tribes

Answer 37

- Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw - established agricultural societies - Cherokees developed written language and constitution, some even owned slaves

Question 38

US government policy towards Five Civilized Tribes that was reflected by Jackson's alleged statement

Answer 38

"ethnic cleansing" | -ignored Worcester decision and began removal of the tribes to Oklahoma

Question 39

Trail of Tears

Answer 39

Winter 1838 - US army forced Cherokees to Oklahoma during winter - 1/8 to 1/4 died of of died, weather conditions, etc

Question 40

Seminole Indians resistance

Answer 40

Led by Osceola - fought to prevent their transfer to present day - results of Seminole Wars-->many lived west and some stayed in Florida

Question 41

Political reality that undermined treaties between federal government and Indian tribes

Answer 41

1. US citizens wanted Indian lands and expected their elected leaders to get them that 2. Indians had no suffrage to defend their lands

Question 42

Reservation system

Answer 42

Area of land in which an Indian tribe is sovereign/within federal government oversight

Question 43

What did Sand Creek, Little Bighorn, Washita River, and Wounded Knee all have in common?

Answer 43

all massacres by Indians/USA

Question 44

Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

Answer 44

Lakota Sioux leaders who massacred Custer's army unit at Little Big Horn

Question 45

Geronimo

Answer 45

last Indian war leader who surrendered to US military

Question 46

Chief Joseph

Answer 46

- led Nez Perce Indians on 1300 mile trek to Canada to avoid reservations - didn't attack civilians - bought supplies, didn't steal - tired of fighting

Question 47

Dawes(Severalty) Act

Answer 47

1. Tribal mentality-->individualism 2. Tribal ownership-->individual ownership of land * eliminated in 1930s * Indian land ownership decreased