FINAL Flashcards by Meaghan O'Brien

6 mya

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Orrorin tugenesis

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Toros-Menalla, Chad

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

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Michael Brunet

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

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350 cc

Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Ardipithecus ramidus (300-350)

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East Africa

Tugen Hills, Kenya

Orrorin tugenesis

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Andrew Hill and Brigitte Senut

Orrorin tugenesis

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only post cranial bones found

humerus and finger bone retain evidence of aboreal adaptations

Orrorin tugenesis

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East Africa

Aramis

Ardipithecus ramidus

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5.8-4.4 mya

Ardipithecus ramidus

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Tim White

Ardipithecus ramidus

Australopithecus garhi

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inhabited forests, probably not a biped

IF BIPED it would falsify the hypothesis that bipeds origionated on the savanna

Ardipithecus ramidus

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East Africa

Kanapoi, Allia Bay

Australopithecus anamensis

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4.2-3.8 mya

Australopithecus anamensis

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Mary Leakey and Alan Walker

Australopithecus anamensis

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400 cc

Australopithecus anamensis

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East Africa

Hadar, Laetoli

Australopithecus afarensis

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3.6-3.0 mya (K/Ar)

Australopithecus afarensis

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420 cc

Australopitecus afarensis

Australopithecus sediba

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Tim White and Don Johanson

Australopitecus afarensis

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VERY seuxal dimorphic

long limbs

Australopithecus afarensis

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mosaic evolution

not all features evolve at the same time

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East Africa

West Turkana, Kenya

Paranthropus aethiopicus

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Alan Walker

paranthropus aethiopicus

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2.5 mya

Paranthropus aethiopicus

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410 cc

paranthropus aethiopicus

``` East Africa (first early human found in EA) Olduvai Gorge, Koobi ```

Paranthropus boisei

2-1 mya

Paranthropus boisei

520 cc

paranthropus boisei

Mary, Louis and Richard Leakey

Paranthropus boisei

sagittal crest, dish shaped face

paranthropus boisei

post-canine megadontia

molarization of pre-molars and reduction of incisors

South Africa | Swartkrans & Kromdraii

Paranthropus robustus

2-1.5 mya

Paranthropus robustus

450 cc

Paranthropus robustus | Australopithecus garhi

South Africa | Taung, Sterkfontein, Makapansgat

Australopithecus africanus

2.5-2 mya

Australopithecus africanus

Raymond Dart

Australopithecus africanus

440 cc

Australopithecus africanus

first australopith discovered | first evidence of bipedalism in australopith

australopithecus africanus

East Africa | Bouri

Australopithecus garhi

2.5 mya (Ar/Ar)

Australopithecus garhi

earliest evidence of tools associated with a hominin species

Australopithecus garhi | Oldowan

South Africa | Malapa Cave

Australopithecus sediba

1.98 mya

Australopithecus sediba

Lee Berger

Australopithecus sediba

(comparatively) less robust, smaller teeth

Australopithecus sediba

East Africa | East Lake Turkana, Olduvai

Homo Habilis

1.85-1.4 mya

Homo habilis

Mary and Louis Leakey

Homo habilis

631 cc

Homo habilis

Africa, Western Asia | Nariokotome (West Turkana Lake), East Turkana, Olduvai Gorge, Swartkrans, Dmanisi

Early Homo erectus

1.8-1.4 mya

Early Homo erectus

546-950 cc

Early homo erectus

first to move out of Africa

early homo erectus

Nariokotome Boy- most complete premodern skeleton

early homo erectus

first evidence of modern limb proportions

early homo erectus

Eastern Asia | Zhoukoudian, Trinil, Sangiran, Ngandong

Later Homo erectus

1.6-130,000

later homo erectus

750-1250 cc

later homo erectus

first erectus fossils found

1891 Eugene Dubois | Java (Trinil)

Liang Bua Cave on Flores | Southeast Asia

Homo floreiensis

100 kya- 18 kya

homo floreiensis

417 cc

homo floreiensis

associated with island dwarfing

homo floreiensis

island dwarfing

big things get smaller and small things get bigger

associated with Paleolithic stone tools

homo floreiensis

Africa (Broken Hill, Bodo, Omo) Europe (Arago, Atapuerca- Sima de los Huesos, Petralona, Schoeningen, Steinheim Swanscombe) Asia (Dali)

Homo heidelbergensis

600-130 kya

homo heidelbergensis

950-1390 cc

homo heilderbergensis

Oldowan (asia) Acheulean Mousterian (Europe)

homo heidelbergensis

first definite use of fire | semi permanent shelter

homo heidelbergensis

• Europe (La Chapelle, La Ferrassie, Feldhofer, La Quina, Gibraltar, Saint Cesaire, Krappina, Vindija), SW Asia (Amunns, Kebara, Shanidar), Siberia (Denisova Cave)

Neanderthals

130-28 kya

Neanderthals

1520 cc

Neanderthals

occipital bun, low forehead, retromolar space, larger nasal aperture (cold), arching brow ridges

Neanderthals

possible language capability

neanderthals

Earliest sites in Middle East (Qafzeh, Skhul) and Africa (Omo-Kibish, Herto, Border Cave, Klasies River Mouth? Kent’s Cavern, Oase, Cro-Magnon, Australia (Lake Mungo, Kow Swamp) China (Upper Cave Zhoukoudian, Tianyuan Cave)

Homo sapiens

195 kya to present

homo sapiens

upper paleolithic tools

homo sapiens

1349 cc

homo sapiens

first chins

homo sapiens