Final Flashcards
1
Q
There has to be _____ premise
A
At least one
2
Q
The three parts of an argument are
A
Inference premise and conclusion
3
Q
Therefore
A
Conclusion indicator
4
Q
Wherefore
A
Conclusion indicator
5
Q
Thus
A
Conclusion indicator
6
Q
Consequently
A
Conclusion indicator
7
Q
We may infer
A
Conclusion indicator
8
Q
Accordingly
A
Conclusion indicator
9
Q
We may conclude
A
Conclusion indicator
10
Q
It must be that
A
Conclusion indicator
11
Q
For this reason
A
Conclusion indicator
12
Q
Entails that
A
Conclusion indicator
13
Q
Hence
A
Conclusion indicator
14
Q
It follows that
A
Conclusion indicator
15
Q
Implies that
A
Conclusion indicator
16
Q
As a result
A
Conclusion indicator
17
Q
Since
A
Premise indicator
18
Q
As indicated by
A
Premise indicator
19
Q
Because
A
Premise indicator
20
Q
For
A
Premise indicator
21
Q
In that
A
Premise indicator
22
Q
May be inferred from
A
Premise indicator
23
Q
As
A
Premise indicator
24
Q
Given
A
Premise indicator
25
Seeing that
Premise indicator
26
Seeing that
Premise indicator
27
For the reason that
Premise indicator
28
In as much as
Premise indicator
29
Owing to
Premise indicator
30
Being furniture is necessary or sufficient for being a chair
Necessary
31
Being a Dalmatian is necessary of sufficient for being a dog?
Sufficient
32
It has snowed everyday for the past three years. Therefore it will snow tomorrow. Is this weak strong or cogent?
The premises aren't all true. But the argument is strong. It would be strong.
33
It has rained at least once in the past 25 years. Therefore it will rain this year. Weak strong or cogent
All premises are true and the argument is strong. This is cogent.
34
It has rained every year for 25 years. Therefore it'll rain tomorrow. Weak strong or cogent
The premises are true but the argument is weak. Therefore it is weak.
35
Which fallacy? Sesame Street is the best tv show ever. And if you don't believe that then my brother will beat you up
Appeal to force or argumentum baculum
36
Which fallacy? If you find me guilty then my six children will not have a father to support them and they'll starve.
Appeal to pity or argumentum ad misericordiam
37
Which fallacy? Everyone is on a low carb diet. Therefore you should be on it too.
Appeal to people. Or argumentum ad populum
38
Everyone wants to look pretty. Therefore you should use cover girl makeup
Appeal to people or argumentum ad populum
39
Bill maher argues religion is foolish nonsense. But bill is arrogant and self righteous. Obviously his argument isn't worth listening to. Which fallacy?
Argument against the person or ad hominem
40
The president argues that eating healthy foods are important. But look at what the president eats. He eats gross junk food. Clearly his argument shouldn't be heard.
Against the person or ad hominem
41
Freedom of speech is a right. Therefore John Q. Radical shouldn't be arrested for his speech that caused a riot. Which fallacy?
Accident.
42
People should keep promises. When Jess married Tyler she should have stayed will Tyler even though Tyler is a drug addict and gambles now. Which fallacy?
Accident
43
Mr. Goldberg has argued against prayer in public school. Obviously he is an atheist. Atheism was used in the past in Russia. This lead to suppression. Is this what we want for America? Clearly not. Therefore mr. Goldbergs argument is nonsense. Which fallacy?
Straw man
44
Crime is increasing a lot when it comes to petty crimes. Therefore we should enforce the death penalty. Which fallacy?
Missing the point or ignoratio elenchi
45
Pesticides shouldn't be used on the fruits and veggies we grow. Fruits and vegetables are also essential for our health. Carrots carry vitamin A. Which fallacy?
Red herring
46
Dr. Brown a vet has stated that people should be on a diet similar to dogs. Therefore we should conclude this is accurate and follow. Which fallacy
Appeal go unqualified authority of argumentum ad verecundiam
47
People have been trying to prove astrology and no one could do so. Therefore we can conclude that it's nonsense. Which fallacy
Appeal to ignorance or argumentum ad ignorantiam
48
A bunch of teenagers ruined mr thompson's mailbox. Therefore we can conclude all teenagers are delinquents. Which fallacy
Hasty generalization
49
Every time the team one the team had yellow socks on. Therefore to prevent failure the team should wear yellow socks every game. Which fallacy
False cause.
50
There are more laws in books today than before. There are more crimes being committed too. Therefore to prevent crimes we should eliminate the laws. Which fallacy
False cause
51
Successful businesses executives are paid salaries in excess of $100,000. Therefore the best way to ensure Dave will be successful is to raise his salary to $100,000. Which fallacy
False cause
52
Mr brown has asked to buy a coffeemaker for his office. But we shouldn't do it because then he'll want a micro and and a fridge. He then will has for a new chair. This will harm our budget. Which fallacy
Slippery slope.
53
Penguins are small flightless birds. Chickens are small flightless birds as well and Americans love to eat them. Therefore Americans will love to eat penguins as well
Weak analogy.
54
Murder is morally wrong. This being the case it follows that abortion is morally wrong. Which fallacy
Begging the question. Or petitio principii
55
No cats are dogs. Therefore no dogs are cats. Which fallacy
Begging the question or petitio principii
56
Either you let me go to the lady gaga concert or I'll be miserable forever and you don't want that so you should let me go.
False dichotomy
57
Either you use ultra guard deodorant it you'll risk perspiration order. You don't want to risk it. Therefore you use ultra guard. Fallacy?
False dichotomy
58
Some triangles are obtuse. Whatever is obtuse is ignorant. Therefore some triangles are ignorant. Which fallacy
Equivocation
59
A mouse is an animal. Therefore a large mouse is a large animal. Which fallacy
Equivocation
60
Maria like anchovies. Maria likes ice cream. Therefore it's certain she'll like anchovies on her ice cream cone. Which fallacy
Composition.
61
Each atom in the teacup is invisible. Therefore the cup is invisible. Which fallacy
Composition
62
Each player is an excellent athlete. Therefore the team is excellent. Which fallacy
Composition
63
Salt is nonpoisonous compound. Therefore it's component eke mementos sodium chloride are nonpoisonous too. Which fallacy
Division
64
This plane was made in Seattle. Therefore every component part in this plane was made there too. Which fallacy
Division
65
The copula of all A sentences are
Are
66
The copula of all O sentences is
Are not
67
The quantity for all A sentences is
Universal
68
The quantity for all E sentences is
Universal
69
The quantity for all o sentences is
Particular
70
The quality for all I sentences is
Affirmative
71
The quality for all E sentences is
Negative
72
Coversion is when you
Switch the S and P
73
Obversion is when you
Change the quality and give the predicate term it's compliment.
74
Contraposition is when you
Switch s and p and give them their term compliment for each.
75
Conversion works with
E and I
76
Obversion works with
All
77
Contraposition works with
A AND O
78
For hence and as are all premise indicators. True or false
False. Hence is a conclusion
79
How many truth values are there
Two.
80
Being a dog is necessary it sufficient for being a Dalmatian
Necessary
81
True or false all strong arguments are cogent too
False not all
82
There is no blizzard today. Therefore there will probably be no blizzard any day this year. Weak strong or cogent
Weak
83
Jane is in favor of increase safety inspections but Jane is the owner and would get millions from the new laws. Therefore there is no good reason to increase safety inspections
Ad hominem
84
We should respect personal property. Therefore you should give that psycho his knife back
Accident
85
So many are in welfare. Therefore welfare must cause poverty
False cause
86
If I study then I will pass the test. I did pass the test. Therefore I must have studied.
Affirming the consequent
87
There can only be ___ conclusion
One
88
Florida is a tropical state. Therefore many states must be tropical.
Hasty generalization
89
Alex is in favor of veganism. But I don't think it's right to say that humans are no better than animals. This thinking undermines human dignity. There off Alex is wrong in his beliefs. Which fallacy?
Straw man
90
All robots are cold blooded killers. Therefore some robots are cold blooded killers.
Invalid. Existential fallacy
91
It is false that all robots are cold blooded killers therefore some robots are not cold blooded killers
Valid contradiction
92
All robots are cold blooded killers. Therefore some robots are not cold blood killers.
Invalid illicit contradiction
93
It is false that some cars are not carnivores. Thus all cats are carnivores. Evaluate from MPOV
Valid contradiction
94
It is false that all humans are lizards. Therefore no humans are lizards. Evaluate from the MPOV
Invalid existential fallacy
95
Some cows are animals therefore some animals are cows. Evaluate from modern point of view
Valid conversion. You switched them. And it's an I sentence to it works
96
Some non cats are non dogs. Therefore some non cats are not dogs. Evaluate from modern point of view
Valid obversion. Changed quality. Gave predicate it's term compliment. And obversion works will all statements
97
No bears see monkeys. Therefore some bears are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view
Invalid.
98
It is false that no bears are monkeys. Therefore some bears are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view
Valid
99
It is false that no dragons are monkeys. Therefore some dragons are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view
Valid
100
All bears are monkeys. Therefore it is false that no bears are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view
Valid
101
It is false that no bears are monkeys. Therefore all bears are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view
Invalid
102
Logically equivalent is
Used when comparing. When all values are the same on both sides
103
Contradictory
Used when comparing and always opposite
104
Consistent
Used when comparing and at least one is true for both
105
Inconsistent
Used when comparing and if all the other options are never the case
106
Tautology
All true
107
Self contradiction
All false
108
Contingent
At least one true and one false
109
Either bob is a killer and Melissa is a manager, or neither bob is a killer not Melissa is a manager would be what in symbolic form
(B•M) v ~(BvM)
110
If and only if Sally drove a car, then Jason killing a turkey is necessary for Malinda drinking blood
S=(M>J)
