Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology > Final Exam 1-100 > Flashcards

Final Exam 1-100 Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

group of cells that usually arise from common ancestror cells and work together to perform a particular function comprise a

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Renal physiology is the study of the function of the

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The chemical reactions that break down large complex molecules into smaller , simpler ones are referred to as

A

catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

________ is the ability of an organism to detect and react to changes in the external or internal environment

A

responsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

______ is a condition in which the body’s internal environment remains within certain physiological limits.

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Any disturbance in homeostasis is referred to as

A

stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the chemicals produced by the endocrine system that help regulate homeostasis are called

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the stimulus in a feedback loop is an increase in blood sugar. If feedback loop is a negative feedback loop then the effector will cause the blood sugar to

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In a feedback loop, the control center provides output to and elicits a response from a (n)

A

effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the stimulus (stress) in a feedback loop is an increase in blood sugar. If this is a positive feedback loop, then the effector will cause the blood sugar to

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The anatomical term that means “on the same side of the body” is

A

ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The serous membrane associated with the heart is the

A

pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Description of any region of the body by means of directional terms and body planes assumes that the body is in _______ position

A

anatomical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The anatomical term that means, “away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure” is

A

inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ___________ system is composed of a series of glands that secrete hormones

A

endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A feedback system consists of three basic components:

a control center, a receptor and a (n)

A

effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Specialized structures within a cell that function in the overall cell’s anatomy and physiology are known as

A

organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The study of structure and the relationships between structures is

A

anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The study of the function of body parts is

A

physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the basic structural and functional unit of a organism is the

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

________ are the structures that are composed of two or more different tissues., have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes.

A

organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the level of structural organization of the body consisting of several related organs that have a common function is the

A

systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the microscopic study of the structure of cells is ____________

A

cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The microscopic study of the structure of tissue is called

A

histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
A plane or section that divides an organ such that you would be looking a medial surface of the section of that organ would be a
saggital section
26
Homeostasis is regulated by the endocrine system and the _____ system
nervous
27
The component of a feedback loop that senses changes in the environment and notifies the control center of the changes is called the
receptor
28
The wrist is _____ to the elbow
distal
29
the intestines are ______ to the heart
inferior
30
the muscles are _______ to the skin
deep
31
the most plentiful extra-cellular catin is
sodium
32
Anything living or nonliving that occupies space and has mass is known as
matter
33
Different atoms of an element that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons are called
isotopes
34
A substance that can be chemically broken down into two or more different elements is a
compound
35
The covalent bond that forms between a pair of amino acids is called a
peptide bond
36
Substances that can speed up chemical reactions without being altered themselves are known as
catalysts
37
The two purines found in DNA nucleotides are
adenine and guanine
38
The complete hydrolysis of proteins would yield
amino acids
39
The term double helix discribes the structure of
DNA
40
The major lipid compnent of cell membranes is
Phosholipids
41
Cholesterol, bile salts, ad sex hormones are all examples of a class of lipids know as
steroids
42
Homeostatic mechanisms maintain the PH of blood between 7.35 and
7.45
43
A molecule that gains hydrogen atoms during chemical reactions in the body is said to be
reduced
44
The collision energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur is called the
activation energy
45
The two factors that most influence the chance that a collision will occur between atoms are the concentration and the
tempurature
46
A positively charged ion is called a
caton
47
The most abundant inorganic compound in the human body is
water
48
Organic compounds are held together mostly or entirely by______bonds.
covalent
49
In a solution, the substance that is dissolved is the
solute
50
In the formation of macro-molecules, monomers are joined together by a reaction called_______, which involves the elimination of water molecules from the reactants.
dehydration synthesis
51
Macro-molecules are broken down into monomers by the addition of water in a reaction known as
hydrolysis
52
Sugars and starches are examples of
carbohydrates
53
The principal function of carbohydrates is to provide
a reliable source of energy
54
Lipids are said to by hydrophobic, which means that they are
water fearing or insoluble in water
55
Triglycerides are made up of fatty acids and
glycerol
56
Fats whose fatty acids contain multiple double bonds between their carbon atoms are said to be
polyunsaturated
57
Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are examples of a class of lipids known as
eicosanoids
58
The number of substrate molecules converted to product per enzyme molecule in one second is called the
turnover number
59
Catalytic proteins are called
enzymes
60
The biological function of a protein is determined by it's _______ structure.
tertiary
61
If solution A has more solutes and less water that solution b, then solution a is considered to be ________ to solution b
hypertonic
62
A group of nucleotides on a DNA molecule whose purpose is to serve as the "directions" for manufacturing a specific protein is a
gene
63
Distribution of two chromosomes into two separate and equal nuclei is known as
mitosis
64
Cytokinesis begins with formation of a
cleavage furrow
65
The union and fusion of gametes is called
fertilization
66
In a diploid cell, the 2 chromosomes that belong to a pair are called_______ chromosomes
homologous
67
Chromosome number does not double with each generation of cell division because of a special nuclear division called
meiosis
68
The process of formation of haploid sperm in the male testes is know as
spermatogenesis
69
The process of formation of haploid ova in the female ovaries is known as
oogenesis
70
The homologous pairing of chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis is known as
synapsis
71
The haploid cells in females that do not functon as gametes are known as
polar bodies
72
The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the
cell membrane
73
Temporary structures in the cytoplasm that contain secretions and storage products of the cell are know as
inclusions
74
The part of the phospholipid molecule that lines up facing the intracellular and extracellular fluids is the
polar, (hydrolphilic) part (head)
75
As a result of the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane, a voltage call the_____exists.
membrane potential
76
The property of a cell membrane that permits passage of certain substances and restricts passage of others is know as
selective permiablity
77
If two solutions have different concentrations and they are separated by a membrane that is permeable to the solute, then there will be net movement of solute molecules until_____ is reached.
equalibrium
78
The net movement of water across a selective membrane by passive means is known as______
osmosis
79
There is no net movement of water molecules across a membrane separating solutions that are ______ to each other.
isotonic
80
Red Blood cells within intracellular concentration of 0.9 NaCl will undergo______ when they are placed in a solution of 5% NaCl
crenation
81
A type of passive transport across a cell membrane that requires special transporters (carriers) is
facilitated diffusion
82
Droplets of extracellular fluid flow into vesicles during the process of
Pinocytosis
83
Export of a substance from the cell in which vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents into the extracellular fluid is called
exocytosis
84
Large organic compounds such as proteins and glycogen, that remain suspended in the cytoplasm, rather than dissolve, are known as
colloids
85
The proteins around which DNA wraps in a chomatin fiber are called
histones
86
Organelles that are membrane-enclosed vesicles filled with digestive enzymes are
lysosomes
87
Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments comprise the
cytoskeleton
88
Regions within DNA strands that do not code for synthesis of part of a protein are called
introns
89
Each set of three consecutive nucleotide bases on messenger RNA that specifies one amino acid is call a
codon
90
Division of parent cell's cytoplasm and and organelles is called
cytokinesis
91
The primary function of stratified squamous epithelium is
protection
92
Simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and forms the walls of capillaries is known as
endothelium
93
______glands secrete their products into ducts.
endocrine
94
A connective tissue that is antivascular is
cartilage
95
The secretions from endocrine glands are called
hormones
96
Mucous connective tissue is found primarily in the
Umbilical cord of the Fetus
97
The cells of a mature cartilage is called
chondrocytes
98
The most abundant type of cartilage are called
hyaline cartilage
99
________ growth of cartilage continues throughout life
appostional
100
The connective tissue layer of mucus membrane is called the
lamina propria

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions