Final Exam 301-390

Question 1

____ is the term for the functional changes that sperm undergo in the female reproductive system

Answer 1

Capacitation

Question 2

The glycoprotein layer internal to the corona radiata surrounding the oocyte is called the

Answer 2

zona pelluciada

Question 3

The fertilized ovum is called

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

The development of an embryo of fetus outside the uterine cavity is call an

Answer 4

ectopic pregnancy

Question 5

The part of the female reproductive tract in which fertilization normally occurs is the

Answer 5

uterine tuve

Question 6

By the end of the third day after fertilization, the fertilized egg has becomes a solid ball of cells called the

Answer 6

morula

Question 7

the hollow ball of cells that is implanted into the uterine wall is called the

Answer 7

blastocyst

Question 8

During the first two months of dev elopment, the developing human is called an

Answer 8

embryo

Question 9

the primary gern layers are the

Answer 9

ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

Question 10

The process by which 2 layered inner cells mass is converted to a structure composed of the primary gern layers is called

Answer 10

gastrulation

Question 11

the fetal membrane that serves as an early site for blood formation and that is the source of the cells that differentiate into primitive germ cells is the _______

Answer 11

yolk sac

Question 12

-The structure derived from the trophoblast of the blastocyst that becomes the principal embryonic part of the placenta is the

Answer 12

chorion

Question 13

-Development of the placenta is accomplished by the _____month of pregnancy

Answer 13

third

Question 14

-The portion of the endometrium that becomes modified following implantation is known as the

Answer 14

decidua

Question 15

-The chorion of the placenta secretes the hormone _____, which mimics the action of LH

Answer 15

HCG

Question 16

-The time a developing human is carried in the female reproductive tracr between fertilization and birth is called______, which is normally ____weeks

Answer 16

gestation; 38

Question 17

-A condition that appears after the 20th week of gestation in which hypertension results from impaired renal function is called

Answer 17

preelampsia

Question 18

-The principal hormone promoting lactation is

Answer 18

prolactin

Question 19

-The initial low-lactose, low-fat fluid produced by the mammory glands during late pregnancy and for the first few days following delivery is called

Answer 19

colostrum

Question 20

-The complete genetic makeup of an organism is called the

Answer 20

genome

Question 21

-The two alternative forms of a gene that code for the same trait and are at the same locus on homologous chromosomes are called _____; an individual in whom the two forms are the same is said to be ______; while an individual in whom the two forms are different is said to be _______

Answer 21

alleles; homozygous; heterrozygous

Question 22

-The physical or outward expression of a gene is called the

Answer 22

phenotype

Question 23

-An error in meiosis called ______ occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly during anaphase of the reduction division

Answer 23

nondisjuction

Question 24

-A diploid human cell contains ____pair(s) of autosomes and _____ pair(s) of sex chromosomes

Answer 24

22; one

Question 25

-Traits inherited on the X and/or Y chromosomes are referred to as

Answer 25

sex linked

Question 26

-The dark-staining inactivated X chromosome seen in the nuclei of female mammlian cells is called a

Answer 26

barr body

Question 27

-Nondisjuction of chromosome 21 results in

Answer 27

down sydrome

Question 28

-The hormone that serves as a basis for early pregnancy tests is

Answer 28

HCG

Question 29

-The blastocyst has three portions - the outer _____, the _______, and the internal, fluid-filled cavity called the ______

Answer 29

trophoblast, inner cell mass balstocele

Question 30

-The embryo develops from the layer of the blastocyst called the

Answer 30

inner cell mass

Question 31

-Projections of the mucosa of the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption and digestion are called

Answer 31

villi

Question 32

-The exocrine cells of the pancreas are arranged in clusters called _____; the endocrine cells of the pancreas are organized into clusters called _______

Answer 32

acini; pancreatic islets

Question 33

-The common bile duct is formed by the union of the ________and the ________

Answer 33

common hepatic duct; cystic duct

Question 34

-Bile is produced by the

Answer 34

liver

Question 35

-The function of the stellate reticuloendothelial cells of the liver is

Answer 35

phagocytosis

Question 36

-The hormone that stimulates ejection of bile from the gallbladder is

Answer 36

cholecystokinin

Question 37

-Partially digested food passes from the ______ region of the stomach into the _______ region of the small intestine

Answer 37

pylorus; duodemun

Question 38

-The process by which bile salts break triglycerides into one millimeter droplets is called

Answer 38

emulsification

Question 39

-Trypsin and chymotrypsin are enzymes produced by the

Answer 39

pancreas

Question 40

-The substrate for salivary amylase is

Answer 40

starch

Question 41

-The substrate for trypsin is

Answer 41

protein

Question 42

-The substrate for sucrase is _____, which is hydrolyzed into ______ and _______

Answer 42

sucrose; glucose; fructose

Question 43

-The last 20cm of the large intestine is called the

Answer 43

rectum

Question 44

-The prominent bands of smooth muscle running longitudinally along the large intestine are the

Answer 44

taeniae coli

Question 45

-The contents of the colon are moved quickly from the transverse colon into the rectum by a movement called

Answer 45

mass peristalsis

Question 46

-The layer of areolar connective tissue underlying the epithelium of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is called the

Answer 46

lamina propria

Question 47

-Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called

Answer 47

ascites

Question 48

-The largest of the peritoneal folds that drapes over the transverse colon and small intestine is the

Answer 48

greater omentum

Question 49

-The salivary glands located inferior and anterior to the ears between the skin and masseter muscle are the

Answer 49

parotid glands

Question 50

-Teeth are composed primarily of a calcified connective tissue called

Answer 50

dentin

Question 51

-The act of swallowing is also called

Answer 51

deglutition

Question 52

-The condition in which the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus is known as a(n)

Answer 52

hiatal hernia

Question 53

-Chief cells of the stomach produce

Answer 53

pepsinogen

Question 54

-G cells of the stomach secrete

Answer 54

gastrin

Question 55

-Folds in the gastric mucosa are called

Answer 55

rugae

Question 56

- | the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct unite to form the

Answer 56

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 57

-Trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by the action of the enzyme

Answer 57

enterokinase

Question 58

-The right and left hepatic ducts are formed by the merging of smaller ducts called

Answer 58

bile canaliculi

Question 59

-The microscopic, finger-like projections of the apical membranes of absorptive cells in the small intestine are called

Answer 59

microvilli

Question 60

-A yellowish coloration of the sclerae and mucous membranes due to the buildup of bilirubin is called

Answer 60

jaundice

Question 61

-The feeding and satiety centers are located in the

Answer 61

hypothalamus

Question 62

-The term that refers to all the chemical reactions of the body is

Answer 62

metabloism

Question 63

-Those chemical reactions that break down molecules and release energy are collectively known as _______. Those that synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones are collectively known as ______.

Answer 63

catabolism, anabolism

Question 64

-The rate at which the resting, fasting body breaks down nutrients to liberate energy is called the

Answer 64

basal metabolic rate

Question 65

-Transfer of heat between objects without physical contact is called

Answer 65

radiation

Question 66

-Transfer of heat between solid objects in contact with each other is called

Answer 66

conduction

Question 67

-The fever producing substance is called a

Answer 67

pyrogen

Question 68

-The effect of ingested food on metabolic rate is called

Answer 68

specific dynamic action

Question 69

-The lowering of body temperature below thirty-five degrees Centigrade is called

Answer 69

hypothermia

Question 70

-Formation of ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate phosphorylated compound to ADP is called ________ phosphorylation

Answer 70

substate level

Question 71

-Formation of ATP via energy released during the reactions of the electron transport chain is called _______ phosphorylation

Answer 71

oxidative

Question 72

-The oxidation of glucose by cells is also called

Answer 72

cellular respiration

Question 73

-Glycolysis is the oxidation of glucose to

Answer 73

pyruvic acid

Question 74

-Loss of a molecule of carbon dioxide by a substance is called

Answer 74

decaboxylation

Question 75

-When acetyl CoA enters the Kreb's cycle, the acetyl unit combines with _________to form ________

Answer 75

oxaloacetic acid, citric acid

Question 76

-During the Kreb's cycle, two molecules of _____ are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 76

GPT

Question 77

-The linking of ATP generation with the pumping of hydrogen ions across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes is called

Answer 77

chemiosmosis

Question 78

-Iron-containing proteins involved in the reactions of the electron transport chain are called

Answer 78

cytochromes

Question 79

-The complete aerobic oxidation of glucose yields _____ and ______

Answer 79

carbon dioxide, water

Question 80

-The theoretical maximum number of ATP molecules produced as a result of the aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule is

Answer 80

38

Question 81

-Glycogen is stored in the ______ and the _______

Answer 81

liver, skeletal muscle tissue

Question 82

-The process by which new glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate sources is called

Answer 82

gluconeogenesis

Question 83

-The process by which fatty acids are catabolized to two-carbon fragments is called

Answer 83

beta oxidation

Question 84

-Acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid are collectively known as

Answer 84

ketone bodies

Question 85

-Lipogenesis is stimulated by the hormone

Answer 85

insulin

Question 86

-During the deanimation of proteins, an amino group is removed and converted to _______, which is then converted to _____by the liver

Answer 86

ammonia, urea

Question 87

-During the postabsorptive state, blood glucose levels are normally maintained at _______per 100mL

Answer 87

70-110 mg

Question 88

-The breakdown of proteins, particularly in skeletal muscle fibbers, is stimulated primarily by the hormone

Answer 88

cortisol

Question 89

-The most abundant cation in the body is

Answer 89

calcium ion

Question 90

-The vitamin that is essential for the formation of photopigments is

Answer 90

vitamin A