Final Exam GI Physiology: Glandular Stomach

Question 1

What protects the glandular stomach against microorganisms?

Answer 1

HCl

Question 2

What protects the glandular stomach against HCl and abrasive ingesta?

Answer 2

Mucin

Question 3

What is responsible for lubrication of the glandular stomach?

Answer 3

Mucin

Question 4

The glandular stomach is the initial site of ______ of protein.

Answer 4

hydrolysis

Question 5

The glandular stomach functions to produce and secrete GIF (gastric intrinsic factor). What is the function of GIF?

Answer 5

It binds to Vitamin B12 and protects it from being digested

Question 6

What secretes GIF?

Answer 6

The acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas

Question 7

What is Vitamin B12 essential for?

Answer 7

The maturation of RBCs

Question 8

What are the types of cells found in the glandular stomach?

Answer 8

Peptic Chief Cells
Parietal Oxyntic Cells
Mucus Neck Cells

Question 9

What do peptic chief cells do?

Answer 9

Produce enzymes likes pepsinogen, lipase, prorennin, and urease. Little water follows.

Question 10

What do parietal oxyntic cells do?

Answer 10

Produce HCl and GIF. Water follows.

Question 11

What do mucus neck cells do?

Answer 11

Produce mucin and HCO3-. Water follows.

Question 12

HCO3- production is increased by what?

Answer 12

Cholinergic agents and prostaglandins

Question 13

HCO3- production is decreased by what?

Answer 13

alpha- adrenergic agonists and phospholipase A2 and COX inhibitors

Question 14

Parietal cells actively transport _____ and ______.

Answer 14

H+ and Cl-

Question 15

What is alkaline tide?

Answer 15

The alkaline blood leaving the stomach is called alkaline tide.

Question 16

What are the 3 powerful AGONISTS of parietal cell HCl secretion?

Answer 16

ACh
Histamine
Gastrin

Question 17

What are some endogenous ANTAGONISTS of parietal cell HCl secretion?

Answer 17

Somatostatin
Prostaglandins
CCK
Secretin

Question 18

What does ACh act on?

Answer 18

Muscarinic receptors

Question 19

What does ACh inhibit?

Answer 19

Inhibits secretion of somatostatin

Question 20

What does ACh promote?

Answer 20

Promotes the secretion of histamine and gastrin

Question 21

What does Histamine act on?

Answer 21

H2 receptors

Question 22

Where is Gastrin produced?

Answer 22

From G-cells in the gastric and duodenal mucosa

Question 23

What does Somatostatin inhibit?

Answer 23

Inhibits release of gastrin

Question 24

What does CCK do?

Answer 24

Acts to decrease acid by binding to gastrin/CCK receptors with little excitation

Question 25

Where is secretin produced?

Answer 25

It is an endocrine product of the duodenal mucosal cells

Question 26

What drugs influence parietal cell activity and therefore production/secretion of HCl?

Answer 26

``` Atropine H2 Receptor Blockers Inhibitors of H+-K+ ATPase Glucocorticoids COX Inhibitors ```

Question 27

What does the administration of glucocorticoids/COX inhibitors do?

Answer 27

Increase acid production/secretion

Question 28

In general, the cephalic phase and gastric phase of glandular stomach activity are _________.

Answer 28

Stimulatory

Question 29

In general, the intestinal phase of glandular stomach activity is ________.

Answer 29

Inhibitory

Question 30

What acts as a feedback inhibitor of acid production in the stomach?

Answer 30

Somatostatin

Question 31

What inhibits paracrine and endocrine secretions at many sites in the body?

Answer 31

Somatostatin

Question 32

When you think INHIBITION, you should think __________.

Answer 32

Somatostatin

Question 33

``` What does the following?: Increases peptic cell secretion Promotes contraction of LES Promotes contraction of pyloric sphincter Increases gastric motility Is a potent mitogen Is trophic to many cells in the stomach ```

Answer 33

GASTRIN!

Question 34

What does the following?: Is vasodilatory in effect Increases gastric motility

Answer 34

HISTAMINE

Question 35

What does the following?: Inhibits histamine-secreting cells in the stomach Inhibits CCK-secreting cells and secretin-secreting cells in the small intestine Slows nutrient absorption in the small intestine Inhibits exocrine secretion in the pancreas Inhibits secretion of glucagon by a-cells of the pancreas Inhibits secretion of insulin by b-cells of the pancreas

Answer 35

SOMATOSTATIN= INHIBITION

Question 36

What does Ghrelin do?

Answer 36

Stimulates the release of Growth Hormone by the adenohypophysis

Question 37

T or F: CCK is an anorexigenic substance.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T or F: Ghrelin is an orexigenic substance.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The relative concentrations of which two substances modulate the gut's message to the brain as it pertains to food intake?

Answer 39

CCK and Ghrelin