Practice Test FEBRUARY 2013: Test 2

Question 1

If filtrate enters the PCT lumen of a normally hydrated animal at the rate of 60 ml/min, what is the BEST ESTIMATE of the rate at which filtrate enters the dLOH?

Answer 1

20 mL/min

Question 2

If [creatinine] is 1.0 mg/dL in filtrate entering the PCT of a normally hydrated animal, which of the following is the BEST ESTIMATE of [creatinine] in filtrate entering the dLOH?

Answer 2

3.3 mg/dL

Question 3

If [glucose] is 6.0 mOsm/L in filtrate entering the PCT of a normally hydrated animal, which of the following is the BEST ESTIMATE of [glucose] in filtrate entering the dLOH?

Answer 3

0 mOsm/L

Question 4

An animal has been accidentally overhydrated with isotonic saline. Where in this animal’s nephrons is the GREATEST amount of filtered Na+ reabsorbed?

Answer 4

PCT

Question 5

An otherwise normal animal has been denied drinking water for two days and therefore is hypertonically dehydrated. Where in this animal’s nephrons is the GREATEST amount of filtered Na+ reabsorbed?

Answer 5

PCT

Question 6

What does a urine Na+: urine Cr ( a urine Na+ to urine creatinine excretion ratio) of 0.01 mean?

Answer 6

It means that 99% of the filtered Na+ has been reabsorbed

Question 7

T or F: Increased rate of tubule cell death is a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

Answer 7

T

Question 8

T or F: High protein diet is a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

Answer 8

F

Question 9

T or F: Glomerulopathy is a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

Answer 9

T

Question 10

T or F: Urinary tract infectionis a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

Answer 10

T

Question 11

T or F: Hemorrhage into the lumen of the bladder is a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

Answer 11

T

Question 12

Which of the following BEST CHARACTERIZES the osmolality in the interstitium at the tip of the Loop of Henle in the normally hydrated cat?

Answer 12

less than 286 mOsm

Question 13

Which of the following BEST CHARACTERIZES the osmolality in the interstitium at the tip of the Loop of Henle in the HYPERTONICALLY DEHYDRATED cat?

Answer 13

less than 286 mOsm

Question 14

Plasma osmolality in a dog is 312 mOsm. Which of the following is the BEST INDICATION that kidney function is normal in this dog?

Answer 14

Glucose is not present in urine

Question 15

Plasma osmolality in a dog is 279 mOsm. Which of the following is the BEST INDICATION that kidney function is ABNORMAL in this dog?

Answer 15

USG is 1.001

Question 16

Glucosuria is present in a cow even though plasma [glucose] in the cow is only 160 mg/dL.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Answer 16

Since cows normally have a relatively low Tm for glucose reabsorption, kidney function in this cow may be perfectly normal

Question 17

Which of the following clinical findings permits us to correctly use the term ‘azotemic’ to describe the animal in which it is found?

Answer 17

Dehydration

Question 18

What segment of the nephron is characterized by a variable number of luminal membrane aquaporins?

Answer 18

CD

Question 19

Which of the following are two effects of furosemide administration?

Answer 19

Increased excretion rates of Na+ and Cl-, and increased medullary interstitial osmolality

Question 20

Which of the following are MOST LIKELY in an otherwise normal animal with centraldiabetes insipidus?

Answer 20

decreased renal medullary interstitial [urea] and decreased plasma [aldosterone]

Question 21

T or F: In a normal animal, urine is produced every second of every minute of every hour of every day

Answer 21

T

Question 22

T or F: In a normal animal, ADH is present in plasma every second of every minute of every hour of every day.

Answer 22

T

Question 23

T or F: Glucosuria is never a normal finding.

Answer 23

T

Question 24

T or F: Urea is always found in the urine of a normal domestic animal

Answer 24

T

Question 25

T or F: Hyposthenuria is only found in those animals with abnormal kidney function.

Answer 25

F

Question 26

T or F: Temporary loss of ADH may be the cause of renal medullary solute washout in an animal.

Answer 26

T

Question 27

T or F: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may be caused by electrolyte imbalances.

Answer 27

F

Question 28

T or F: Vasa recta plasma entering the renal cortex is greater in volume and lower in osmolality relative to vasa recta plasma entering the renal medulla in the same period of time.

Answer 28

T

Question 29

T or F: The PCT is the only section of nephron where filtrate glucose is reabsorbed.

Answer 29

T

Question 30

T or F: Since many drugs are toxic to the kidney, they are secreted into filtrate only at the very end of the MCD.

Answer 30

F

Question 31

T or F: Some substances act as diuretics by blocking luminal membrane ports in the nephron, while other substances act as diuretics because there are no luminal membrane ports at which they can be reabsorbed by the nephron.

Answer 31

T

Question 32

T or F: Some tight junctions in the nephron are permeable to water, and some are not.

Answer 32

T

Question 33

T or F: As plasma [aldosterone] increases, the nephron reabsorbs more Na+, reabsorbs more H2O, and secretes more K+.

Answer 33

T

Question 34

T or F: In the hyperkalemic animal, ( U) x (UK+) is greater than (GFR) x (PK+).

Answer 34

F

Question 35

T or F: ADH, angiotensin II, epinephrine and norepinephrine all act to decrease renal blood flow, and all act to increase the percentage of filtered water that is reabsorbed by the nephron.

Answer 35

T