Practice Test FEBRUARY 2013: Test 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Practice Test FEBRUARY 2013: Test 2 Deck (35)
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1
Q

If filtrate enters the PCT lumen of a normally hydrated animal at the rate of 60 ml/min, what is the BEST ESTIMATE of the rate at which filtrate enters the dLOH?

A

20 mL/min

2
Q

If [creatinine] is 1.0 mg/dL in filtrate entering the PCT of a normally hydrated animal, which of the following is the BEST ESTIMATE of [creatinine] in filtrate entering the dLOH?

A

3.3 mg/dL

3
Q

If [glucose] is 6.0 mOsm/L in filtrate entering the PCT of a normally hydrated animal, which of the following is the BEST ESTIMATE of [glucose] in filtrate entering the dLOH?

A

0 mOsm/L

4
Q

An animal has been accidentally overhydrated with isotonic saline. Where in this animal’s nephrons is the GREATEST amount of filtered Na+ reabsorbed?

A

PCT

5
Q

An otherwise normal animal has been denied drinking water for two days and therefore is hypertonically dehydrated. Where in this animal’s nephrons is the GREATEST amount of filtered Na+ reabsorbed?

A

PCT

6
Q

What does a urine Na+: urine Cr ( a urine Na+ to urine creatinine excretion ratio) of 0.01 mean?

A

It means that 99% of the filtered Na+ has been reabsorbed

7
Q

T or F: Increased rate of tubule cell death is a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

A

T

8
Q

T or F: High protein diet is a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

A

F

9
Q

T or F: Glomerulopathy is a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

A

T

10
Q

T or F: Urinary tract infectionis a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

A

T

11
Q

T or F: Hemorrhage into the lumen of the bladder is a cause of abnormally high urine protein to urine creatinine ratios

A

T

12
Q

Which of the following BEST CHARACTERIZES the osmolality in the interstitium at the tip of the Loop of Henle in the normally hydrated cat?

A

less than 286 mOsm

13
Q

Which of the following BEST CHARACTERIZES the osmolality in the interstitium at the tip of the Loop of Henle in the HYPERTONICALLY DEHYDRATED cat?

A

less than 286 mOsm

14
Q

Plasma osmolality in a dog is 312 mOsm. Which of the following is the BEST INDICATION that kidney function is normal in this dog?

A

Glucose is not present in urine

15
Q

Plasma osmolality in a dog is 279 mOsm. Which of the following is the BEST INDICATION that kidney function is ABNORMAL in this dog?

A

USG is 1.001

16
Q

Glucosuria is present in a cow even though plasma [glucose] in the cow is only 160 mg/dL.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A

Since cows normally have a relatively low Tm for glucose reabsorption, kidney function in this cow may be perfectly normal

17
Q

Which of the following clinical findings permits us to correctly use the term ‘azotemic’ to describe the animal in which it is found?

A

Dehydration

18
Q

What segment of the nephron is characterized by a variable number of luminal membrane aquaporins?

A

CD

19
Q

Which of the following are two effects of furosemide administration?

A

Increased excretion rates of Na+ and Cl-, and increased medullary interstitial osmolality

20
Q

Which of the following are MOST LIKELY in an otherwise normal animal with centraldiabetes insipidus?

A

decreased renal medullary interstitial [urea] and decreased plasma [aldosterone]

21
Q

T or F: In a normal animal, urine is produced every second of every minute of every hour of every day

A

T

22
Q

T or F: In a normal animal, ADH is present in plasma every second of every minute of every hour of every day.

A

T

23
Q

T or F: Glucosuria is never a normal finding.

A

T

24
Q

T or F: Urea is always found in the urine of a normal domestic animal

A

T

25
Q

T or F: Hyposthenuria is only found in those animals with abnormal kidney function.

A

F

26
Q

T or F: Temporary loss of ADH may be the cause of renal medullary solute washout in an animal.

A

T

27
Q

T or F: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may be caused by electrolyte imbalances.

A

F

28
Q

T or F: Vasa recta plasma entering the renal cortex is greater in volume and lower in osmolality relative to vasa recta plasma entering the renal medulla in the same period of time.

A

T

29
Q

T or F: The PCT is the only section of nephron where filtrate glucose is reabsorbed.

A

T

30
Q

T or F: Since many drugs are toxic to the kidney, they are secreted into filtrate only at the very end of the MCD.

A

F

31
Q

T or F: Some substances act as diuretics by blocking luminal membrane ports in the nephron, while other substances act as diuretics because there are no luminal membrane ports at which they can be reabsorbed by the nephron.

A

T

32
Q

T or F: Some tight junctions in the nephron are permeable to water, and some are not.

A

T

33
Q

T or F: As plasma [aldosterone] increases, the nephron reabsorbs more Na+, reabsorbs more H2O, and secretes more K+.

A

T

34
Q

T or F: In the hyperkalemic animal, ( U) x (UK+) is greater than (GFR) x (PK+).

A

F

35
Q

T or F: ADH, angiotensin II, epinephrine and norepinephrine all act to decrease renal blood flow, and all act to increase the percentage of filtered water that is reabsorbed by the nephron.

A

T