Practice Test OCTOBER 2012: Test 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Which osmolyte contributes most to the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid?
Na+
What is normal plasma osmolality for a normal domestic animal?
286-290 mOsm
You have injected hypertonic saline IV into an otherwise normal cat. Which is a normal consequence of this action?
a. The animal becomes azotemic and USG increases
b. Plasma and interstitial osmolalities increase and intracellular osmolality decreases
c. Plasma and interstitial volumes increase and intracellular osmolality decreases
d. The animal becomes azotemic and USG remains constant
e. The animal becomes azotemic and USG decreases
c. The plasma and interstitial VOLUMES increase and intracellular OSMOLALITY decreases
What best characterizes direct effects of epinephrine on kidney function?
Epinephrine promotes decreased flow of water from plasma to Bowman’s space, and it promotes an increase in the percentage of filtered water reabsorbed by the nephron
What is the kidney’s autoregulatory response to hemorrhage at the brachial artery?
Increased plasma [ADH] and increased plasma [angiotensin II] result in a decreased GFR
Which is a cause of post-renal azotemia?
a. Hemorrhage into the upper GI tract
b. Dioctophyme renale in a ureter
c. Glomerulopathy
d. Reabsorption of water from the urinary bladder and/or urethra
e. Left-sided heart failure
b. Dioctophyme renale in a ureter would cause post-renal azotemia
What happens to SNGFR (single nephron glomerular filtration rate) in an animal once one of its kidney’s is removed?
It increases
T or F: Increased turnover death of tubular cells of the nephron results in an increased protein:creatinine excretion ratio
T
T or F: Lower urinary tract disease results in an increased protein:creatinine excretion ratio
T
T or F: Intravascular hemolysis results in an increased protein:creatinine excretion ratio
T
T or F: Glomerulopathy results in an increased protein:creatinine excretion ratio
T
T or F: Hemorrhage into the GI tract results in an increased protein:creatinine excretion ratio
FALSE
Inhibition of phospholipase A2 results in _________ production of cytoprotective prostaglandins, and _________ production of inflammatory prostaglandins.
It results in decreased production of cytoprotective prostaglandins and decreased production of
inflammatory prostaglandins
When compared to its concentration in plasma, what is the maximum possible concentration of a waste molecule in urine?
More than 200 times more concentrated
T or F: in normal animals, hypersthenuria is far more common than isosthenuria over the course of a normal day
T
T or F: isosthenuria always indicates improper kidney function
F
T or F: hyposthenuria always indicates improper kidney function
F
T or F: postrenal azotemia is a synonym for hypersthenuria
F
T or F: hypersthenuria indicates the presence of osmolytes that are present in urine and absent in plasma
F
Organic molecules Substance X and Substance Y are freely filterable. Substance X is secreted by the PCT. Substance Y is not secreted. Neither substance is reabsorbed. Which of the two molecules exists at higher concentration in filtrate entering the dLOH?
Either Substance X or Substance Y, depending on their CONCENTRATIONS IN PLASMA
What is the Tm for glucose reabsorption in domestic animals?
Equal to GFR
Many drugs are bound by plasma protein, yet many of these drugs are normally found in urine. How can this be?
“plasma protein bound” does not mean that every single molecule of the drug is bound by plasma protein
Virtually all reabsorptive and secretory function of the nephron is ultimately attributable to the activity of what?
Basolateral Na+-K+ ATPase
Each of the following is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule EXCEPT
a) K+
b) urea
c) lactate
d) creatinine
e) PO4-2
d. Creatinine is NOT reabsorbed at the proximal tubule
