Practice Test FEBRUARY 2007: Test 2

Question 1

If plasma osmolality is 300 mOsm, what is the best estimate of filtrate osmolality in the urinary space?

Answer 1

300 mOsm

Question 2

All reabsorptive and secretory processes in the nephron are ultimately attributable to the activity of _________?

Answer 2

Basolateral Na+K+ ATPase

Question 3

Each of the following undergoes a decrease in filtrate concentration as filtrate flows through the proximal tubule EXCEPT:

a. protein
b. glucose
c. HCO3-
d. urea
e. phosphate

Answer 3

d. Urea does not undergo a decrease in concentration through the proximal tubule
- Protein, glucose, HCO3-, and phosphate all decrease in concentration through the proximal tubule

Question 4

Plasma [creatinine] is 0.7 mg/dL. The excretion rate of creatinine is 8 mg/min. The GFR is 10 dL/min. At what rate is creatinine secreted?

Answer 4

1 mg/min

Question 5

Why is iohexol clearance preferred over creatinine clearance as a kidney function test?

Answer 5

Because urine is not collected in the iohexol test

Question 6

What is a common clinical finding in an animal with renal amyloidosis?

Answer 6

Pronounced proteinuria

Question 7

Each is synthesized in the kidney EXCEPT:

a. urea
b. calcitriol
c. erythropoeitin
d. renin
e. glucose

Answer 7

a. Urea is not made in the kidney.

- Calcitriol, Erythropoeitin, Renin, and Glucose CAN all be synthesized in the kidney

Question 8

An animal has just experienced a decrease in normal blood pressure. What is the renal autoregulatory response to this decrease?

Answer 8

DILATION of AA. and CONSTRICTION of EA

Question 9

Renal plasma flow in a normal kidney is 200 ml/min. What is the best estimate for plasma flow leaving the efferent arterioles and entering peritubular capillaries?

Answer 9

135 ml/min

Question 10

Over what period of time is the entire plasma volume of an animal filtered?

Answer 10

30 minutes

Question 11

What is found ONLY in the proximal tubule?

Answer 11

Na+Phosphate Symport

Question 12

What best characterizes the urine of an animal with diabetes insipidus?

Answer 12

High flow and (+) free water clearance

Question 13

The nephron is net secretory for K+ where?

Answer 13

DCT and CCD only

Question 14

The nephron is net reabsorptive where?

Answer 14

PCT, LOH, DCT and CCD

Question 15

If plasma [Na+] in the renal artery is 140 mOsm, what is the best estimate of of plasma [Na+] in the renal vein?

Answer 15

140 mOsm

Question 16

Where is [Cl-] the greatest?

Answer 16

Filtrate entering the 2nd half of the PCT

Question 17

ADH exerts a KNOWN effect on each of the following EXCEPT:

a. CCD
b. PCT
c. DCT
d. aLOH

Answer 17

b. PCT is not effected by ADH

Question 18

Aldosterone promotes each of the following at target cells of the kidney EXCEPT:

a. Active transport of K+ into the filtrate
b. Increased number of Na+ ports in the luminal membrane
c. Increased activity of Na+K+ATPase
d. Increased number of K+ ports in the luminal membrane

Answer 18

a. Active transport of K+ into the filtrate is NOT promoted by aldosterone

Question 19

Catecholamines exert KNOWN effects on each of the following EXCEPT:

a. Afferent Arteriole
b. aLOH
c. Efferent Arteriole
d. PCT

Answer 19

b. aLOH is not effected by catecholamines

Question 20

T or F: PCOP in plasma entering peritubular capillaries is greater than PCOP in plasma leaving peritubular capillaries

Answer 20

T

Question 21

T or F: Creatinine concentration in the renal vein is greater than creatinine concentration in the renal artery

Answer 21

F

Question 22

T or F: Urea concentration in aLOH filtrate is greater than urea concentration at the end of the nephron

Answer 22

F

Question 23

T or F: Na+ concentration entering in filtrate is greater than Na+ concentration entering DCT

Answer 23

T

Question 24

T or F: Urine osmolality of an animal on a high protein diet is greater than urine osmolality of an animal on a low protein diet

Answer 24

T

Question 25

T or F: The excretion ratio of creatinine is greater than the excretion ration of glucose

Answer 25

T

Question 26

T or F: The osmolality of plasma entering the vasa recta is greater than the osmolality of plasma leaving the vasa recta

Answer 26

F

Question 27

T or F: The "single effect" of a nephron refers to the separation of solute and water at the aLOH

Answer 27

T

Question 28

T or F: An animal the consumes too much fresh water should exhibit a (+) free water clearance, a USG less than 1.008, and low plasma [ADH]

Answer 28

T

Question 29

T or F: Low plasma [urea] is a sign of kidney disease

Answer 29

F

Question 30

T or F: The PCT is the major site of phosphate secretion in the nephron

Answer 30

F

Question 31

T or F: Calcium oxalate crystalluria is a common finding in an animal that has consumed large amounts of ethylene glycol

Answer 31

T

Question 32

T or F: Elevated plasma [urea] is a more common finding than elevated plasma [creatinine] in an animal with a ruptured bladder

Answer 32

T

Question 33

T or F: Filtered albumin is endocytosed and exocytosed by the PCT

Answer 33

F

Question 34

T or F: Aldosterone antagonists are diuretics

Answer 34

T

Question 35

T or F: Urea is a uremic toxin

Answer 35

F

Question 36

T or F: Approximately 90% of plasma osmolality is attributed to the 4 most abundant electrolytes in plasma

Answer 36

T

Question 37

T or F: Transcellular and paracellular reabsorption of K+ occur in the PCT

Answer 37

F

Question 38

T or F: Transcellular and paracellular reabsorption of Na+ occurs in the aLOH

Answer 38

T

Question 39

T or F: Catecholamines promote the secretion of Renin and ANP

Answer 39

F