Final Exam Neuro Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are graded potentials?
Graded potentials are a barrage of EPSPs that usually occur in the dendrites and cell body of a neuron.
Difference in summation of APs and graded potentials
APs cannot summate, while graded potentials can!
What leads to an EPSP?
influx of Na+ -> depolarization -> EPSP
What leads to an IPSP?
influx of Cl- -> hyperpolarization -> IPSP
What is an Absolute refractory period?
A period where absolutely NO new AP can be generated
What is a relative refractory period?
a new AP can be generated, but the stimulus would have to be stronger to get back to the threshold
Why are APs unable to summate?
This is due to the refractory period
What is needed to determine whether or not an AP can be generated?
Graded potentials
What does APCV stand for?
Action Potential Conductance Velocity
What are the characteristics that speed up APCV?
Axon diameter and Myelination
True or False: Axon length affects APCV
FALSE
Path of reasoning from antibodies to antecedent infections
antibody starts to attack our myelin -> macrophage activity -> we lose the myelin -> antecedent infections = autoimmune disorder
What types of cells have gap junctions?
Cardiac muscle cells called Cardiac Myocytes
What is unique about the cardiac myocytes?
They can share cytoplasm which means that they share Na+ with a neighboring myocyte, which means that one cardiac myocyte can spontaneously depolarize the next one
Where do you find nicotinic ACh receptors?
skeletal muscle
Where are muscarinic Ach receptors found?
SA node in the heart
Types of neural circuits: Convergent example
“it is time to get up in the morning”
Types of neural circuits: Divergent example
“you want to flex your right biceps”
Types of Neural circuits: Reverberating Circuit example
walking and breathing
Types of Neural Circuits: Parallel After Discharge Circuit
If you were trying to figure out a physics problem, you might use: Algebra, Geometry, Calculus, and your experiences - all to ascertain points of view and potential answers
PHase 0=depolarization (cardiac muscle)
voltage gated Na+ channels open
Phase 1= initial repolarization (cardiac muscle)
voltage gated Na+ channels close; Voltage gated K+ channels begin to open
Phase 2 = Plateau phase
