Lab Exam 2

Question 1

What are the enzymes in carbohydrate digestion?

Answer 1

• Salivary amylase
• Pancreatic alpha-amylase
• Brush border enzymes

Question 2

What are the components of protein digestion?

Answer 2

• Pepsin, hydrochloric acid
• pancreatic protease

Question 3

What are the components of Lipid digestion?

Answer 3

• Lingual lipase
• Bile salts, pancreatic lipase

Question 4

What components of digestion are present in the oral cavity?

Answer 4

Salivary amylase and Lingual Lipase

Question 5

What component of digestion is present in the stomach?

Answer 5

Pepsin, hydrochloric acid

Question 6

What components of digestion are present in the Duodenum?

Answer 6

Pancreatic alpha-amylase, Pancreatic protease, and Bile salts and Pancreatic lipase

Question 7

Proteins, Polysaccharides, and Triglycerides break down into their smallest form in the _______ intestine.

Answer 7

Small

Question 8

What organ makes bile?

Answer 8

The Liver

Question 9

during expiration, the diaphragm _______ and elastic recoil of the lungs _______ air

Answer 9

Relaxes; expels

Question 10

For expiration to occur, must the air pressure inside or outside the lungs be greater?

Answer 10

The inside because air pressure moves from high to low

Question 11

at Rest, the diaphragm is at _____ and the pressures (inside and outside the lung) are ________

Answer 11

Rest; equal

Question 12

During Inspiration, the diaphragm __________, the lungs inflate due to ___________ intrapleural pressure.

Answer 12

Contracts; reduced

Question 13

For inspiration to occur, must the air pressure outside or inside the lungs be greater?

Answer 13

Outside because air flows from high pressure to low pressure

Question 14

Are the external or internal intercostals used for Expiration?

Answer 14

The Internal intercostals

Question 15

at a constant temperature, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume. Which law is this?

Answer 15

Boyle’s Law

Question 16

What happens to Thoracic Pressure during Inhalation and Exhalation during sinus arrythmia?

Answer 16

Inhalation: thoracic pressure Decreases
Exhalation: thoracic pressure Incraeses

Question 17

What happens to Venous Return during Inhalation and Exhalation during sinus arrythmia?

Answer 17

Inhalation: Venous return increases
Exhalation: venous return decreases

Question 18

What happens to Vagal Tone during inhalation and exhalation during sinus arrhythmia?

Answer 18

Inhalation: Vagal one Decreases
Exhalation: Vagal tone Increases

Question 19

What happens to heart rate during inhalation and exhalation during sinus arrhythmia?

Answer 19

Inhalation: heart rate increases
Exhalation: heart rate decreases

Question 20

what is the cluster of alveoli coming off of an alveolar duct?

Answer 20

alveolar sac

Question 21

What type of cells does the alveolar sac have?

Answer 21

A single thin layer of squamous epithelial cells

Question 22

Ventilation-Perfusion Coupling

Answer 22

There must be a close match between ventilation (amount of gas reaching the alveoli) and Perfusion (blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries) so that gas exchange is done Efficiently

Question 23

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases will equal the sum of the partial pressures exerted independently by each of the gases in the mixture. Which law is this?

Answer 23

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Question 24

Increasing partial pressures of carbon dioxide weakening the hemoglobin-oxygen bond. Which effect is this?

Answer 24

The Bohr Effect

Question 25

The hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen the more readily it binds to carbon dioxide and can bind hydrogen ions to buffer carbon dioxide transport as bicarbonate. Which effect is this?

Answer 25

The Haldane Effect

Question 26

What is defined as an inadequate oxygen delivery to the body tissues and is classified based on the cause?

Answer 26

Hypoxia

Question 27

What is poor oxygen delivery due to erythrocytes that contain too little or abnormal hemoglobin or from too few erythrocytes called?

Answer 27

anemic hypoxia

Question 28

What results when adequate oxygen is delivered but the body cells are unable to use it such as in the case when metabolic positions (cyanide) are administered?

Answer 28

histotoxic hypoxia

Question 29

This is indicated when the partial pressure of dissolved oxygen in the arteriole blood is low and is commonly caused by disordered ventilation-perfusion coupling, and breathing air deficient in oxygen.

Answer 29

Hypoxemic Hypoxia

Question 30

This is a type of hypoxemic hypoxia often caused by breathing smoke from fire or inhaling fumes of combustion

Answer 30

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 31

Each kidney contains more than one million microscopic tubules called ________ that produce urine.

Answer 31

Nephrons

Question 32

The _____ is the male gonad that produces sperm and the male sex hormone, ___________.

Answer 32

Testis; testosterone

Question 33

which part of the testes develop sperm?

Answer 33

The seminiferous tubules

Question 34

Which hormone do the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) secrete?

Answer 34

Testosterone

Question 35

What are the support cells that are intermingled with the sperm-producing cells of the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 35

Sertoli cells

Question 36

What type of glads flank the vaginal opening?

Answer 36

Bartholin’s glands

Question 37

What is another name for Bartholin’s glands?

Answer 37

Greater vestibular glands

Question 38

What gland in the males is homologous to the bartholin’s glands in the female?

Answer 38

The Bulbourethral gland

Question 39

What are the two erectile tissues that make up the penis?

Answer 39

Corpus spongiosum and Corpus cavernosa

Question 40

What is another name for the bulbourethral gland?

Answer 40

Cowper’s gland

Question 41

What gland in the male produces a fluid to lubricate the urethra and neutralize any acidity that may still be present from urine?

Answer 41

Cowper’s gland/Bulbourethral gland

Question 42

Where does Cowper’s gland empty into?

Answer 42

The urethra