Final Prep - Section Questions Flashcards
(47 cards)
Hox genes ______ the hox genes expressed in the anterior to them
repress
Hox genes _______ locations of different developmental structures
control
Homeodomain
highly conserved region of Hox proteins that allows them to bind to DNA and serve as transcription factors
Hox genes serve as ______ _______
transcription factors
when fasting , the _____ cells of the pancreas will secrete ______
alpha, glucagon
______ cells secrete glucagon
alpha
after eating, the _____ cells of the pancreas will secrete _____
beta , insulin
insulin will _______ the blood glucose levels
decrease
glucagon will _______ the blood glucose levels
insrease
maintanance of constant internal conditions
homeostasis
homeostasis
maintenance of constant internal conditions
eve stripes are related to ______ development
drosophilia
anterior to posterior transcription factor expression in drosophilia
bicoid, giant, hunchback, kruppel
bicoid hunchback are _______ eve
activate
giant and kruppel are ______ eve
repress
3 reasons we use model organisms
- developmental pathways conserved over time
- shorter life spans
- can manipulate the genome
when is a gene necessary?
when the process does not proceed without it
test for gene necessity
mutate or knock out gene
example of gene necessity experiment
Ash1 knockout in yeast -> both cells switch
when is a gene sufficient?
a gene on its own is enough to induce formation of dev process
test for sufficiency
express gene where it’s normally not expressed, if “gain of function” then it’s sufficient (ectopic expression)
examples of sufficiency tests
expressing “eyeless” in fly limbs forms eyes on limbs
3 methods of epigenetic control
- methylation
- feedback loops
- histone modification/ chromatin structure
Pdx1
master regulatory switch
