Week 6 - Epigenetics

Question 1

3 common mechanisms that affect gene expression

Answer 1

positive feedback loops
inheritance of DNA methylation patterns
inheritance of chromatin states

Question 2

a positive feedback loop can generate a long-lived change in _____ _______ in response to a ______ signal

Answer 2

gene expression, transient signal

Question 3

methylation of ______ bases in DNA can _____ transcription

Answer 3

cytosine, repress

Question 4

master regulatory switch gene for muscle

Answer 4

MyoD

Question 5

DNA methylation patters can be ______

Answer 5

inherited

Question 6

_______ nucleosomes are the basic units of choromosome structure

Answer 6

nucleosomes

Question 7

a patter of modification of ______ tails can regulate transcription

Answer 7

histone

Question 8

can histone tail modification patters be inherited

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

______ ________ ________ can reposition nucleosomes and control transcription

Answer 9

chromatin remodeling complexes

Question 10

euchromatin

Answer 10

extended chromatin structures, promote transcription

Question 11

heterochromatin

Answer 11

condensed chromatin structures, little or not transcription

Question 12

extended chromatin structures

Answer 12

euchromatin

Question 13

condensed chromatin structures

Answer 13

heterchromatin

Question 14

in females, one of the ____ chromosomes is packed into _______ to prevent a lethal double -dose of _____ linked products

Answer 14

X , heterochromatin, X

Question 15

females are have ___ X chromosomes and ____ Y chromosome

Answer 15

2 0

Question 16

males have ___ X chromosomes and ___ Y chromosomes

Answer 16

1, 1

Question 17

what is the key difference between worker and queen bees?

Answer 17

diet. Queen gets royal jelly, which does not contain chemicals that differentiate the workers

Question 18

localization of a cell fate determinant in yeast involves ____ particles, a _____ and the ____ _______

Answer 18

RNP, motor, actin cytoskeleton

Question 19

in budding yeast, _____ initiates a mating type switch

Answer 19

HO

Question 20

in budding yeast, ______ inhibits transcription of _____ in ________ cells, preventing mating type switch

Answer 20

Ash1 , HO, daughter

Question 21

asymmetric localization of ASH1 requires the ______

Answer 21

cytoskeleton

Question 22

what would happen if you inhibited F-actin in yeast?

Answer 22

ASH1 would not aggregate on one side, and would inhibit all HO, so no more mate type swithing

Question 23

what is an oocyte?

Answer 23

a cell in an ovary that may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum.

Question 24

first major event of embryogenesis

Answer 24

fertilization

Question 25

second major event of embryogenesis

Answer 25

cleavage

Question 26

third major event of embryogenesis

Answer 26

gastrulation

Question 27

3 layers of the embryo

Answer 27

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 28

ectoderm makes:

Answer 28

skin, brain

Question 29

endoderm makes:

Answer 29

liver, pancreas

Question 30

mesoderm makes

Answer 30

muscle

Question 31

gastrulation begins with the formation of the ____+ ____

Answer 31

ventral furrow