Final Readings gouty arthritis/Pituitary/thyroid

Question 1

gouty arthritis: swelling due to

Answer 1

accumulation of sodium urates

Question 2

asymmetrical and first MTP joint

Answer 2

gouty arthritis

Question 3

what is podagra and what does it indicate?

Answer 3

gouty pain in great toe=involvement of other organs in the body

Question 4

most dangerous of gout pathologies

Answer 4

gouty kidney (uric acid salts inhibit paranchym)

Question 5

tophus deposition in gouty arthritis found where?

Answer 5

ear, DIP, hand, elbow

Question 6

is tophus reversible

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

Most common benign tumor of pituitary gland

Answer 7

prolactinoma

Question 8

prolactinoma is associated with overproduction of prolactin and has what symptoms

Answer 8

amenorrhea
loss of libido
infertility
galactorrhea

Question 9

man or women increases milk production (not pregnant)

Answer 9

galactorrhea

due to prolactinoma

Question 10

Growth hormone ademona is adult

Answer 10

increases bone periosteum (witdth)

Question 11

growth hormone adenoma aka

Answer 11

somatotroph cell ademoma

Question 12

giganticism die very early because of

Answer 12

weak immune system/ischemia of the heart

Question 13

hypercorticism results in

Answer 13

osteoporosis

Question 14

corticotroph cell carcinoma affects the cells that are supposed to produce

Answer 14

adrenocorticoprophic hormone

Question 15

corticotroph cell carcinoma causes hyper secretion of cortisol in adrenals resulting in

Answer 15

cushing syndrome

Question 16

buffalo hump
moon face
less fat in butt and legs
bruising easiIY
always hypertensive

Answer 16

cushing syndrome

Question 17

overstimulation of beta cells predisposing to DM2

Answer 17

cushing syndrome

Question 18

most serious problem of someone with cushing syndrome

Answer 18

TB

Question 19

In a child:
Pituitary Dwarfism (Lorain-Levy syndrome)- characterized by

Answer 19

hypofunction of the pituitary gland

Question 20

Adiposogential dystrophy(Frohlich’s syndrome)

Answer 20

results from pituitary gland tumor- you see specific obesity of the pelvis and undeveloped genitals. ginned pattern

Question 21

Postpartem syndrome- (Sheehan’s syndrome)

Answer 21

results in necrosis of tissue because of lack of oxygen

-veins can’t maintain BP

Question 22

normal urine production

Answer 22

1.5-1.6L/day

Question 23

Diabetes insipidus can allow you to urinate

Answer 23

25L/day

1.002-1.004 sg

Question 24

If the neuroendocrine cells in the epithelial lining of the bronchial wall develop cancer it may be the source of hyperfunction of _____

most common?

Answer 24

ADH

OAT cell carcinoma (malignant)

Question 25

75% of pituitary tumors and does not produce hormones

Answer 25

pituitary adenoma (destroys gland function)

Question 26

absence of the lateral field of vision due to tumor of the pituitary gland.

Answer 26

Bitemporal Hemianopsia

Question 27

The account for the metabolic rate of the person

Answer 27

Triiodothyroxin- T3


Question 28

______% of iodine uptake in the gland, it means the function of the gland is normal

Answer 28

20-45

Question 29

______% means that function of the gland is increase (hyper)

Answer 29

45-90

Question 30

is less than ____% intake then function of the gland is decreased

Answer 30

20

Question 31

Manifestations and processes of hyperthyroidism are:

Answer 31

Hypermetabolic rate Over activity of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 32

The main causes of hyperthyroidism

Answer 32

diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid gland associated with Graves' disease
• The ingestion of excess exogenous thyroid hormone (administrated for hypothyroidism) • Hyperfunctional multi-nodular goiter
• Hyperfunctional adenoma of the thyroid gland

Question 33

The male to female ratio is 1/8. It develop in young ladies between 20-40 years old. This autoimmune pathology is characterized by the huge amount of antibodies, which mimic the action of thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 33

Graves disease

Question 34

occurs in 100% of patients with Graves disease

Answer 34

Diffuse (hyperplasia) goiter- enlargement of thyroid gland- hyperplasia of thyroid gland

Question 35

There is hyperkeratosis of the lower distal 1/3 of the shins and feet without the growth of hair. It occurs in about 15% of patient's with Graves disease.

Answer 35

Pretibial myxedema

Question 36

autoimmune pathology of thyroid gland leading to destruction of the gland

Answer 36

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Question 37

radiation/ surgery can lead to

Answer 37

hypothyroidism

Question 38

Gain of weight, but poor appetites.
• Cold - because of low metabolic rate- no perspiration leading to brittle, dry hair, dryness of the skin
• Mucopolysaccharides in the subcutaneous fatty layer which lead to being overweight
• Poor appetite, diarrhea and constipation
• Increased concentration of cholesterol in the blood, very low uptake of radioactive iodine • Low metabolic rate

Answer 38

Manifestations of hypothyroidism

Question 39

hypothyroidism of embryo

Answer 39

cretinism (If the mother doesn't have a normal amount of iodine in the pregnancy the baby doesn't have normal mental development.)

Question 40

•Short stature
•Disproportions in the body
•Lack of mental development •Umbilical hernia in newborn babies •Huge tongue

Answer 40

cretinism

Question 41

MC development of disease in adults

Answer 41

Myxedema

Question 42

Myxedema symptoms

Answer 42

Weak • Wants to do nothing
• No energy because of slow metabolic process
• Swelling of the face- accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous fat, puffy lips, nose and swollen tongue.

Question 43

is noninflammatory, nonneoplastic enlargement of the thyroid gland

Answer 43

goiter

Question 44

Main cause of goiter is_____ deficiency

Answer 44

iodine

Question 45

prevalent in people older than 40 years old who have an iodine deficiency

Answer 45

Toxic nodular goiter

Question 46

Toxic nodular goiter

Answer 46

hyper-functional from mutations in the follicular cell