Lecture midterm #2

Question 1

NephrITIC syndrome: characterized by increase in glomerular permeability to

Answer 1

RBCs

Question 2

NephrOTIC syndrome: characterized by increase in glomerular permeability to

Answer 2

proteins

Question 3

• asymptomatic patient presents with elevated creatinine in blood

Answer 3

azotemia

Question 4

with hypertension in nephritic syndrome, the first secretion would be:

Answer 4

renin (then angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, angiotensin II)

Question 5

spaces between podocytes/basement membrane

Answer 5

• Heymann’s GMN

Question 6

rapidly progressing crescentic GMN what cells undergo hyperplasia and merge to form crescents?

Answer 6

parietal cells of bowman’s capsule

Question 7

Which disease forms cavities in the lungs?

Answer 7

wegener’s granulomatosis

Question 8

what is the kidney syndrome that develops in henoch-schonlein purapura

Answer 8

Nephritic syndrome

Question 9

not involved in polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 9

lungs

Question 10

what is the most common cause of GMN in the world?

Answer 10

IgA nephropathy/berger’s disease

Question 11

assocaited with tibial and radial arteries, classic symptom of instep claudication

Answer 11

Buerger’s Disease

Question 12

Glomerulonephritis with other symptoms such as lens dislocation, cataracts, hearing problems

Answer 12

alport syndrome

Question 13

Most common type of nephrITIC syndrome to turn chronic

Answer 13

rapidly progressing crescentic

Question 14

most common type of nephrOTIC syndrome to turn chronic

Answer 14

focal glomerulosclerosis

Question 15

characteristics of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 15

proteinuria > hypoalbuminemia > generalized edema > hyperlipidemia and lipiduria

Question 16

ball-like deposits within the mesangial cells

Answer 16

• Kimmel wilson lesions

Question 17

Kimmel wilson lesions are due to

Answer 17

nodular glomerulosclerosis

Question 18

strongest predisposing factor for development of acute pyelonephritis

Answer 18

acute cystitis

Question 19

most common spread in acute cystitis/ pyelonephritis

Answer 19

ascending

Question 20

are superficial, multiple, fast recovery

Answer 20

erosions

Question 21

are solitary, deep, slow recovery

Answer 21

peptic ulcers

Question 22

smoking interferes with which defensive force

Answer 22

mucosal blood flow

Question 23

NSAIDS interfere with which defensive mechanism

Answer 23

decrease the elaboration of prostaglandins

Question 24

Duodenal peptic ulcer is ____ malignant

Answer 24

NOT

Question 25

Chaga’s disease is associated with

Answer 25

achlasia (trypanosoma cruzi)

Question 26

diverticulum that occurs at the TOP close to upper esophageal sphincter

Answer 26

zenker’s diverticulum

Question 27

diverticulum that occurs in the middle of esophagus:

Answer 27

mid esophageal / traction diverticulum

Question 28

epiphrenic diverticulum

Answer 28

occurs just above lower esophageal sphincter

Question 29

Syndrome most commonly associated with alcoholics

Answer 29

mallory weiss syndrome

Question 30

most common cause of esophageal varices

Answer 30

liver cirrhosis

Question 31

- which of the following is most likely to present with multiple peptic ulcers

Answer 31

zollinger ellison syndrome (because of increased gastrin > increased HCL > ulcers love acidity)

Question 32

replacement of *squamous with **columnar epithelial cells

Answer 32

barret esophagus

Question 33

- which hernia is most likely to lead to venous infarction

Answer 33

paraesophageal hernia (rolling hernia)

Question 34

RUPTURE of the esophagus in mallory-weiss syndrome

Answer 34

boerhaave syndrome

Question 35

- Aschoff nodes WHere?

Answer 35

occur in myocarditis/ myocardium

Question 36

pathology involves migratory arthritis

Answer 36

rheumatic fever

Question 37

areas in body do not harbor chronic infection

Answer 37

liver (other choices: prostate, dental, lungs)

Question 38

subacute bacterial endocarditis can lead to

Answer 38

ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke

Question 39

hyaline arteriolosclerosis leads to

Answer 39

benign nephrosclerosis

Question 40

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis leads to

Answer 40

leads to necrotizing arteriolitis

Question 41

most common cause of ischemic heart disease/coronary artery disease

Answer 41

atherosclerosis

Question 42

in prinzmetal’s variant

Answer 42

coronary artery undergoes vasospasm

Question 43

not a component of a developed atheroma

Answer 43

Hyaline

Question 44

pulmonary/lung edema, heart failure cells aka siderophages, brown induration of lung

Answer 44

- L side heart failure

Question 45

side heart failure: cor pulmonale, lung emphysema, hepatomegaly, nutmeg like liver, pedal edema

Answer 45

right side

Question 46

compensatory mechanism will you see in the L atrium in a patient with aortic valve insufficiency

Answer 46

Eccentric hypertrophy of L atrium

Question 47

_____ hypertrophy increases size of chamber, increase in width and length of myofibrils

Answer 47

eccentric

Question 48

_____ hypertrophy same chamber size, increase width of myofibril (does not increase in length)

Answer 48

concentric

Question 49

opposite of aortic stenosis, backflow of aorta to LV during diastole (regurgitation), low diastolic pressure (may go to zero)

Answer 49

Aortic Insufficiency

Question 50

LV hypertrophy (heart deviates to left, hypertensive heart), leads to cardiac failure (irreversible, atrophy/necrosis), dystrophic calcification of valves

Answer 50

Aortic Stenosis

Question 51

Heart Failure- due to adaptive response

Answer 51

Compensated

Question 52

due to lack of adaptive response

Answer 52

decompensated heart failure