Path II final - hydrocephalus

Question 1

Accumulation of CSF in the VENTRICLES of brain

Answer 1

hydrocephalus

Question 2

CSF is produced where?

Answer 2

choroid plexus

Question 3

function of CSF

Answer 3

helps brain function properly

protects from trauma

Question 4

total production CSF/day?

Answer 4

500 ml

Question 5

total csf in ventricles at one time?

Answer 5

150 ml

Question 6

CSF flow

Answer 6

Lateral Ventricle -> Interventricular Foramen of Monroe -> 3rd Ventricle -> Aqueduct of Sylvius -> 4th Ventricle -> Foramen of Leuscka (Latera Aperturel) and Foramen of Magendie (Medial Aperture) -> Cisterna Magna (Direct communication with subarachnoid space of brain and cord) -> Absorbed through Arachnoid Granulations -> Superior Saggital Sinus -> Transverse Sinus -> Sigmoid Sinus -> Jugular Vein -> Away from brain

Question 7

Cisterna Magna has direct communication with this area

Answer 7

subarachnoid space

Question 8

where CSF goes to reach the brain and spinal cord

Answer 8

subarachnoid space

Question 9

space between the arachnoid and pia mater

Answer 9

subarachnoid space

Question 10

space around the cerebellum

Answer 10

cisterna magna

Question 11

direct communication with the subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord

Answer 11

cisterna magna

Question 12

Where is CSF absorbed?

Answer 12

arachnoid granulations (parietal bone)

Question 13

Where does CSF flow to after being absorbed?

Answer 13

Sup. saggital sinus

Question 14

Main collector of venous blood in the brain

Answer 14

superior saggital sinus

Question 15

Made of the cranial vault above and sides are made by 2 layers of dura mater

Answer 15

superior saggital sinus

Question 16

Which hydrocephalus causes acute bacterial infection?

Answer 16

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 17

could be due to benign brain tumors with in the choroid plexus

Answer 17

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 18

accumulation of extra fluid in brain due to increased production of CSF(or decreased absorption)

Answer 18

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 19

has normal communication with structures of the brain

Answer 19

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 20

An obstruction prevents CSF from moving out

due to Leptomeningitis or Brain Tumor or stroke (leads to increase in intracranial pressure)

Answer 20

non-communicating hydrocephalus

Question 21

Swelling of Arachnoid Granulation

Causes increased accumulation (absorption) of CSF WITHIN VENTRICLES

Answer 21

leptomeningitis

Question 22

Leads to headache- Gyri jam up against the skull and become flattened

Answer 22

leads to headache-gyro jam up against the skull and become flattened

Question 23

Often of Pituitary Gland

Causes large cyst in the brain that CANNOT BE REMOVED

Causes obstruction of CSF flow

Leads to increased ICP

Answer 23

Tumor and Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

Question 24

3 Major Signs/Manifestations of Hydrocephalus

Answer 24

1) Headaches (often brain tumor)
2) Nausea/Vomiting
3) Papilledema (optic disc swelling)

Question 25

___% of headaches may be treated with chiropractic care

Answer 25

18%

Question 26

how many causes of headaches exist?

Answer 26

over 400

Question 27

Swelling of the optic disc A cardinal sign of hydrocephalus

Answer 27

palilledema

Question 28

A brain atrophy disease Amount of CSF is larger than normal due to disappearance of normal brain tissue NO INCREASE in ICP because there is increased space due to brain atrophy HYDROCEPHALUS EX-VACUO Patients often have incontinence because the tissues that control this function have atrophied

Answer 28

Alzheimer's

Question 29

Another cause of hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo -> Brain has atrophied Chorea due to atrophy of striatal neurons (this space fills with CSF) Damage to the basal ganglia NO INCREASE in ICP -> Brain has atrophied and CSF takes the extra space

Answer 29

Huntington's Disease

Question 30

Atrophy of the Striatal Neurons -> Chorea Damage to the Basal Ganglia CSF fills in the extra space

Answer 30

Huntington's disease

Question 31

What determines the treatment of hydrocephalus?

Answer 31

Age of the patient

Question 32

how many fontanelles do babies have?

Answer 32

Six 5 of them fuse in the first two months of life The Frontal Fontanelle may take up to 18 months to fuse

Question 33

What happens to the bones of a baby's head with hydrocephalus?

Answer 33

They become distended Measure circumference and both sides of head to check

Question 34

MC cause of hydrocephalus

Answer 34

Birth process Cranial bones overlap in the birth canal -> As bones separate and go back to normal, the Superior Saggital Sinus may become stuck -> Impairs CSF flow leading to Hydrocephalus

Question 35

easiest way to treat hydrocephalus in baby

Answer 35

chiro adjustment | medical approach=insterting shunt

Question 36

Treating Hydrocephalus in an adult

Answer 36

Cranial bones are fused = much more ICP Can be very serious, leading to non-communicating hydrocephalus Leads to Tonsillar Herniation -> Headaches

Question 37

What is a common result of non-communicating hydrocephalus in adults?

Answer 37

Tonsillar Herniation -> Headaches

Question 38

can cause incontinence

Answer 38

alzheimer's

Question 39

basal ganglia damaged

Answer 39

huntington's