Quiz #2 b

Question 1

_____ can be found in 10% of people with GERD

Answer 1

Barret esophagus

Question 2

alteration of stem cell differentiation via addition of intestinal mucus secreting goblet cells

Answer 2

Barret esophagus

Question 3

how does barret esophagus affect reflux episodes?

Answer 3

they last longer

Question 4

significance with local ulceration with bleeding and stricture

Answer 4

Barret esophagus

Question 5

Barret esophagus can come from ____

Answer 5

GERD

Question 6

Esophageal varices location

Answer 6

mostly in submucosa of distal esophagus and proximal stomach

Question 7

increase pressure on esophageal plexus veins can cause

Answer 7

esophageal varices

Question 8

esophageal varices develop in _____% of cirrhosis patients

Answer 8

90% (mostly alcohol)

Question 9

______ has no symptoms until rupture leading to ______

Answer 9

esophageal varices, hematemesis

Question 10

venous thrombosis and inflammation may occur after varices _____

Answer 10

rupture

Question 11

blood goes into the lumen as well as suffusion of the esophageal wall with blood

Answer 11

hemorrhage of the esophageal varices

Question 12

esophageal varices 1/2 of deaths are from _____ the other from ______

Answer 12

cirrhosis, hepatic coma

Question 13

______ may be the only complication of uncomplicated GHERD

Answer 13

hyperemia

Question 14

Characteristic of GHERD

Answer 14

basal cell hyperplasia (20%)presence of inflammatory cells (WBCs) in squamous epithelial layerelongation of lamina propr. papillae with constriction

Question 15

GERD: Symptoms do not always ____ with the level of histological esophagitis

Answer 15

match

Question 16

severe chest pain that maybe mistaken for a heart attack is not uncommon for

Answer 16

GERD

Question 17

children: melena, hematemesis, sourbrash

Answer 17

GERD

Question 18

Causes of GERD

Answer 18

Nasogastric Tubealcohol, tobaccosclerosis disorderspregnancyCNS depressantshypothyroidism

Question 19

contritubute to GERD

Answer 19

Inadaquate/esophageal clearance of reflux materialsliding haital herniareduction of reparative capacity of esophageal mucosaprolonged exposure to gastric juices

Question 20

Alchalasia associated with esophageal squamos cell carcinoma __%

Answer 20

5%

Question 21

Alchalasia may come from _____ disease via destruction of myenteric plexus

Answer 21

chagas

Question 22

Progressive dilation of the esophagus above the level of LES

Answer 22

Alchasia

Question 23

degenerative changes in innervation of the _____ nerve may also occur in Alchalasia

Answer 23

vagus (intrinsic or extraesophageal)

Question 24

complication of alchalasia

Answer 24

progressive dysphagiacandida esophagitislower esophageal diverticula

Question 25

aspiration/pneumonia/airway obstruction in Alchasia can be from

Answer 25

aperistalsispartial or incomplete relaxation of LES when swallowingincreased resting tone of LES

Question 26

Alchalasia is associated with dysfunction of ___Containing neurons

Answer 26

NO

Question 27

_____ happens often in alcoholics due to severe stretching from vomiting

Answer 27

Mallory Weiss syndrome

Question 28

Mallory Weiss syndrom is longitudinal tears in the esophagus at the ________ junction or _______

Answer 28

esophagogastric, proximal gastric mucosa

Question 29

_____% of cases with mallory weis syndrom there is bleeding in the upper GI Tract

Answer 29

5-10%

Question 30

inflammatory ulcer, media stinitidis w/ infection

Answer 30

Boerhave syndrome can be a result of Mallory Weis syndrome

Question 31

Separation of diaphragmatic cura and widening of the space between the muscular cura and esophageal wall.

Answer 31

Hatial Hernia

Question 32

_____ hernia is 95% of cases of Hatial hernia

Answer 32

sliding

Question 33

nonaxial/paraesophageal hernia is ___ of Hatial hernia occurences

Answer 33

5%

Question 34

protrusion of stomach above diaphragm with bell shaped dilation with diaphragmatic narrowing

Answer 34

sliding hernia

Question 35

stomach along the greater curvature enters the thorax through a widen foramen

Answer 35

nonaxial/paraesophageal hernia

Question 36

gastrinomas that hypersecret gastrin in the pancreas, duodenum, and peripancreatic soft tissue

Answer 36

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Question 37

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome associated with pancreatic islet cell lesions in ____% of cases

Answer 37

90-95%

Question 38

over half the tissues discovered are _____ invasive or _____ at time of diagnosis (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)

Answer 38

locally, metastasized

Question 39

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome + other endocrine tumors found in ___% of patients

Answer 39

MEN-1, 25%

Question 40

extreme gastric acid secretion leads to

Answer 40

ulcers

Question 41

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ___% have diarrhea and is the presenting symptom

Answer 41

50