Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
Which prefix means around?
A
Peri or Circum
2
Q
Which prefix means within?
A
Intra
3
Q
What refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or the lower part of the body?
A
Inferior
4
Q
What refers to something that is further away from its source?
A
Distal (e.g. limbs)
5
Q
What refers to the same side as the reference point?
A
Ipsilateral
6
Q
What is an arm like bar of bone?
A
Ramus
7
Q
What is the principal mass of a structure?
A
Body
8
Q
What is a smooth nearly flat articular surface?
A
Facet
9
Q
What is a shallow depression or hollow in a bone?
A
Fossa
10
Q
What is a narrow slit like opening?
A
Fissure
11
Q
Movements along the saggital plane happen along what axis?
A
Medial/Lateral
12
Q
What is a movement along the saggital plane that decreases the angle between body parts?
A
Flexion
13
Q
What is the reference point for rotations of the spine?
A
Front of the Spine
14
Q
What do we call joints that are connected by a sheet of fibrous tissue?
A
Fibrous Joint
15
Q
What joint is in the scull and are tightly packed?
A
Sutures
16
Q
When you have space between the bones and a sheet of fibrous tissue? (articulation)
A
Syndismosis (sheet of tissue not closely packed like tissues)
17
Q
What are the features of a synovial joint?
A
Capsule, Cartilage, and Cavity
18
Q
Which synovial joints are classified as biaxial?
A
Modified Hinge, Saddle
19
Q
Describe a closed packed position? and what happens with the ligaments?
A
-e.g. Hip joint when you EXTEND, ABDUCT, and INTERNALLY ROTATE.
-Minimizes joint surface/brings everything together.
*MAXIMAL ARTICULAR SURFACE CONTACT
-LIGAMENTS ARE AT THEIR MAXIMUM LENGTH
*INCREASE IN STABILITY & DECREASE IN MOBILITY
20
Q
Is GH joint supported by ligaments?
A
No, it is mainly supported by muscles
21
Q
Closed paced position for GH Joint?
A
Maximum Abduction and External Rotation
*GH joint is rarely in a closed packed position
22
Q
What do we call an area where a tendon inserts into a bone?
A
Tendoperiosteal Junction
23
Q
What is a sheet like tendon?
A
Aponeurosis
24
Q
What type of contraction happens when we are trying to control or slow a movement?
A
Eccentric
25
When there is no movement at the joint and there is an equal force in resistance?
Isometric
26
What do we call muscles that oppose the prime mover?
Antagonist
27
What do we call muscles that assist the prime mover?
Synergist
28
How many tarsal bones are in the foot?
7
29
How many metatarsals bones are in the foot?
5
30
How many phalanges bones are in the foot?
14
31
How many bones are in the foot?
26
32
Head of Talus articulates with the posterior aspect of which bone?
Navicular
33
What bone articulates with the bases of the 4th and 5th metatarsals?
Cuboid
34
There is a groove on the talus and a groove on the calcaneus and where they fit together creates a hollow on the lateral aspect of the foot. What is this called? *Is where anterior talofibular ligament can be isolated
Sinus Tarsi
35
Where on the foot will you find 2 sesamoid bones?
Head of the first metatarsal & plantar surface
36
What is a sesamoid bone?
Bone embedded in a tendon
37
Inversion & Eversion happen along which plane? and which joint?
Frontal/Coronal, Subtaylor joint
38
Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion happen at which joint?
Talocrual
39
Where else in the body will you see dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
Nowhere
40
Adduction and Abduction of the forefoot happen along which plane?
Transverse
41
Supination is a combination movement comprised of which three movements? (Foot)
Plantar Flexion/Inversion/Adduction of the forefoot
42
Which direction would you have to move from Gerdy's tubercle to locate the tibial tuberosity?
Inferomedial
43
With Dorsiflexion where does the head of the fibula move?
Posterior & Superior *Facet itself is on a oblique angle so as it moves up it moves back
44
What type of joint is the talocrural joint?
Hinge (uniaxial)
*Majority of toes are hinge joints
45
What type of joint is the subtaylor joint?
Plane (uniaxial)
*Majority of intertarsal joints are plane
46
Ball and socket joint in the foot is the __________________.
Talocalcaneonavicular
47
Majority of metasarsalphalangeal joints are?
Condoloyid
48
Which ligament in the ankle helps to restrict eversion?
Deltoid Ligament (Vertical Fibres)
*Vertical fibres would restrict straight up eversion, anterior fibres would restrict plantar flexion with eversion, & posterior fibres would restrict dorsiflexion with eversion
49
Which Ligament would restrict plantar flexion with eversion
Anterior Tibiotaylor & tibionavicular (anterior fibres)
*Vertical fibres would restrict straight up eversion, anterior fibres would restrict plantar flexion with eversion, & posterior fibres would restrict dorsiflexion with eversion
50
Which Ligament would restrict dorsiflexion with eversion?
Posterior tibiotaylor (posterior fibres)
*Vertical fibres would restrict straight up eversion, anterior fibres would restrict plantar flexion with eversion, & posterior fibres would restrict dorsiflexion with eversion
51
Which actions are restricted by the anterior taylorfibular ligament (ATFL)?
Inversion with plantarflexion
52
Which Ligament in the ankle restricts straight up inversion? *It runs between calcaneus and lateral malleolus?
Calcaneofibular Ligament
53
What 4 things maintain the arches of the foot?
1. Shape of the interlocking bones/the way they fit together (primary)
2. Ligaments
3. Fascisa
4. Muscles
54
What is the theory of the windlass mechanism of the foot?
-Fascia runs from the medial calcaneotubercle crossing over the metatarsalphalangeal joints into the toes therefore extension of the toes will tighten the plantar fascia and draw the calcaneus forward increasing the longitudinal arches of the foot
55
Which three directions does the head of the femur face?
1. Anterior
2. Superior
3. Medial
56
What is the rough ridge with 2 lips running down the posterior surface of the femur?
Linea Aspera
57
What is the roughened area at the superior portion of the lateral lip of the linea aspera? and what attaches there?
Gluteal Tuberosity, Gluteus Maximus (1/4% of the fibres)
58
What muscle is responsible for unlocking the screw home mechanism of the knee?
Popliteus
*As the leg is fully extended the tibia rotates laterally at the very end of the range that locks the knee into the stability and therefore popliteus has to do medial rotation to unlock it and realign the bones
59
Which 2 muscles share a common distal attachment at the base of the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform?
Fibularis Longus & Tibialis Anterior
60
What do all muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg do?
Dorsiflexion
61
Would palpating across from medial to lateral across the dorsum of the ankle what is the first tendon you will run into?
Tibialis Anterior -----> Extensor Hallusis Longus -----> Extensor Digitorum Longus
62
What holds the tendons back and prevents bowing as the muscles are contracting?
Retinacula
63
What 2 actions would you have to do if you were to stretch your gastrocnemius?
Dorsiflexion & Extension
64
If you would like to isolate Soleus?
Knee Flexion
65
What tendon attaches onto the navicular tuberosity?
Tibialis Posterior
66
What do we call the area between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus where those tendons of the deep compartment pass through?
Tarsal Tunnel
67
What is the only muscle present in the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
*Resides directly over cuboid and extends the toes is shorter than EDL
68
Dorsal Interossei do what movement?
Abduct
69
Plantar Interossei do what movement?
Adduct
70
Which Direction does the patella move during extension in the knee?
Superior & Lateral
71
What is the term denoting lateral deviation of the distal bone or bones of the joint?
Valgus
72
Which Ligament is affected by Varus Forces in the knee?
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
73
Which 3 structures make up the terrible triad?
ACL, MCL, & Medial Meniscus
74
Which Ligament is likely affected if your patient is having pain while they are walking up stairs?
ACL
*ACL = Ascending
75
What secures the menisci on to their respective tibial plateaus?
Coronary ligaments
76
Which three structures pass through the greater sciatic notch?
1. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
2. Piriformis
3. Greater Sciatic Notch
77
Which Bony Landmark is located 5cm posterior to the ASIS on the outer lip of the iliac crest?
Iliac tubercle
78
What are the attachment points of the inguinal ligament?
ASIS & Pubic Tubercle
79
What do we call the meeting point of the 2 medial ends of the pubic bones and the disk in between?
Pubic Symphysis
80
What do we call the fibrocartilaginous lip that attaches to the bony rim of the acetabulum?
Acetabular Labrum
81
Which Bursa is inflamed if you have weavers bottom?
Ishiogluteal Bursa
82
Which ligament converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinus Ligament
83
Which 2 muscles attach into the iliotibial band?
TFL & Glute Max
84
What is the Prime Mover for Hip Flexion?
Iliopsoas
85
What happens if we have a weak gluteus medius?
Trendelemburg Gait
86
What action can be performed by Piriformis when the hip is flexed greater than 60deg?
Medial Rotation
87
Which bursa is inflamed if you have housemaids knee?
Subcutaneous Prepatellar Bursa
88
Which bursa is inflamed if you have clergyman's knee or Carpet layers knee?
Subcutaneous Infrapatellar Bursa
89
What is the layman's term for bursitis at bursa deep to IT band? and what is the medical term?
Layman's Term: Runners Knee
Medical Term: IT Band Friction Syndrome
90
Which bursa is inflamed if you have Bakers Cyst?
Medial Semimembranosus Bursa
91
What muscle helps to prevent excessive lateral tracking of the patella?
Vastus Medialis Obliques
92
Which three muscle tendons make up the pes anserine?
1. Semitendinosus
2. Gracillis
3. Sartorious
93
Which muscle resides in the floor of the femoral triangle?
Pectinous
94
What is the only adductor to cross the knee?
Gracillis
95
What is the most medial of all the adductors?
Gracillis
96
Which of the adductors attaches onto the adductor tubercle?
Adductor Magnus (posterior fibres)
97
What action can biceps femoris perform at the knee along the transverse plane?
Lateral Rotation
98
What do we sometimes call the medial end of the clavicle?
Sternal End
99
What do we sometimes call the lateral end of the clavicle?
Acromial End
100
Where on the thorax should the scapula reside? (between which ribs?)
Ribs 2 to 7/8
101
What to we sometimes call the medial border of the scapula? (*because it is closer to the spine)
Vertebral Border
102
What to we sometimes call the lateral border of the scapula?
Axillary Border
103
What do we call the medial end of spine of scapula?
The 'root'
104
What do we call a gliding motion with the scapula moving towards the spine?
Retraction
105
What is the reference point for upward and downward rotation?
Glenoid Fossa
106
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle
107
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Plane
108
What is the space between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus called?
Bicipital Groove
109
What resides right in the floor of the bicipital groove?
Latissimus Dorsi
110
What tendon runs over top of Latissimus Dorsi?
Longhead biceps
111
What is the most distal end of the humerus on the lateral side? (*part that articulates with head of radius)
Capitulum
112
What do we call the inferior weak spot in the glenohumeral joint capsule?
Axillary Recess
113
What do we call the anterior weak spot in the glenohumeral joint capsule?
Foramen of Weitbrecht
114
Scaption is a movement that happens equally between which 2 movements?
Flexion & Abduction/Scaption
115
Following the theory of scapuhumeral rhythm between 15 & 120deg of abduction what is the ratio?
2 to 1 *For every 2 deg of abduction you should get 1deg of upward rotation
116
During abduction of the humerus what action must happen in order for you to get full ROM? (*so that greater tubercle can get clear the coracoacromial arch)
External Rotation
117
Which 2 superficial back muscles share a common medial attachment? and what is the common medial attachment?
-Rhomboids & Middle Traps
-Medial Attachment: T7-T5
118
What action can upper trapezius perform at the head and neck along the transverse plane?
Contralateral Rotation
119
What is the Superior Attachment of Levator Scapula?
TVP of C1-C4
120
Which 2 muscles work together to depress the scapula?
Pectoralis Minor & Lower Traps
121
What Muscle is likely weak if you have a winging scapula?
Serratus Anterior
122
Which of the rotator cuff muscles are responsible for internal rotation?
Subscapularis
123
Which of the rotator cuff muscles are responsible for abduction?
Supraspinatus
*Starts to abduct before deltoids take over
124
Which of the rotator cuff muscles are responsible for external rotation?
Teres Minor and Infraspinatus
125
Which muscle uses listers tubercle as a pully?
Extensor Pollucis Longus
126
Which Ligament holds the head of the radius against the ulna?
Annular Ligament
127
What is the primary function of coracobrachiallis?
Adduction
128
Which muscle is the prime mover for elbow flexion when you are in pronation?
Brachioradialis
129
Which of the carpal bones articulates with the bases of the 4th & 5th metacarpals?
Hamate
130
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
Condyloid
131
What type of joint is the first carpal/metacarpal joint?
Saddle
132
Abduction & Adduction of the thumb happen along which plane?
Saggital
133
Of the 2 tendons in the midline of the wrist which one is the more medial of the 2?
Palmaris Longus
134
Which muscle attaches to the bases of the second and third metacarpals on the anterior surface?
Flexor Carpi Radialis
135
The ulnar nerve runs between the heads of which muscle?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
136
Which muscle holds the distal radius and ulna together at the distal radioulnar joint?
Pronator Quadratus
137
Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?
Median Nerve
138
What is your prime mover for elbow flexion when your forearm is in neutral?
Brachioradialis
139
What is the name of the muscle that branches of of extensor digitorum to act on the 5th digit?
Extensor digiti minimi
140
Which 2 tendons make up the anterior border of the anatomical snuff box?
Abductor Pollucis Longus and Extensor Pollucis Brevis
