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Anatomy > Quiz 2 Review > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Review Flashcards

(121 cards)

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1
Q

Tibia

A

-Shin bone
-Primary weight bearing bone of the leg (recall ‘leg’)

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2
Q

Fibula

A

-Carries ~1/6th body weight (previously thought to be non-weight bearing)

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3
Q

Fibula (Anterior View)

A

-Apex
-Head
-Neck
-Shaft
-Interosseous border
-lateral malleolus

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4
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A

Lateral projection of your ankle

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5
Q

Tibia (Anterior View)

A
  • Lateral Condyle
    -Intercondylar Eminence
    -Medial Condyle
    -Medial and lateral condyles articulate with the femoral condyles
    -Shaft
    -Interosseous border
    -Medial Malleolus
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6
Q

Gerdy’s Tubricle (Lateral Tibial Tubercle)

A

Large prominence lateral and superior to the tibial tuberosity

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7
Q

Tibia (Posterior View)

A

-Lateral Condyle
-Intercondylar Eminence
-Medial Condyle
-Shaft
-Interosseous Border (lateral border)
-Medial Malleolus
-Soleal Line

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8
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

A

Head of fibula articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
-Flat oval/circular facet on the fibular head which articulates with a similar facet on the tibia
-Synovial
-Plane

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9
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Movements (Dorsiflexion)

A

Limited superior and posterior glide

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10
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Movements (Plantar Flexion)

A

Limited inferior and anterior glide

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11
Q

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

A

-Distal end of fibula articulates with the distal end of the tibia
-Fibrous

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12
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Strong connective tissue between the tibia and the fibula which thickens at the distal end

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13
Q

Talocrural Joint

A

-Distal end of the tibia and fibula articulate with the trochlea (body) of the talus
-Synovial
-Hinge

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14
Q

Talocrural Joint Movements

A

Only dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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15
Q

Deltoid Ligament

A

Four Ligaments (anterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar)
-Checks: Eversion of the ankle
-Very strong ligament and focused attachment point on the medial malleolus can lead to an avulsion fracture

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16
Q

Anterior Fibres of the Deltoid Ligament

A

Eversion with Plantar Flexion

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17
Q

Posterior Fibres of the Deltoid Ligament

A

Eversion with Dorsiflexion

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18
Q

Vertical Fibres

A

Eversion in Neutral

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19
Q

ATFL Movement

A

Inversion with Plantar Flexion

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20
Q

Calcaneofibular of the Deltoid Ligament Action

A

Inversion in Neutral

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21
Q

Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)

A

-Checks/Restricts: Inversion
-Palpated through sinus tarsi
-Most commonly injured ligament in the foot

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22
Q

Calcaneofibular Ligament

A

Checks: Inversion

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23
Q

Subcutaneous Calcaneal

A

Between the achilles tendon and the overlying skin

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24
Q

Subtendinous Calcaneal

A

Between the achilles tendon and the calcaneus

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25
Subtalar Joint
-Inferior aspect of the talus articulates with the superior calcaneus -Synovial -Plane
26
Subtalar Joint Movements
-Inversion -Eversion
27
Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
-Articulation between talus calcaneus and navicular joint -synovial -ball and socket -helps increase inversion/eversion range
28
Calcaneofibular Ligament
Attaches: Lateral Malleolus - Lateral Calcaneus Checks: Inversion
29
Subcutaneous Calcaneal
Between Achilles Tendon and the overlying skin
30
Subtendinous
Between Achilles Tendon and the Calcaneus
31
Subtalar Joint
Inferior aspect Talus articulates with superior Calcaneus -Synovial -Plane Movements: Inversion - Eversion
32
Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
Articulation between: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular -Synovial -Ball and Socket -Increase inversion/eversion range
33
Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring Ligament)
-Helps maintain medial longitudinal arch by supporting head of talus -If ligament is stretched, head of Talus can sink resulting in Pes Planus (flat foot)
34
Flat Foot
Pes Planus
35
High Arch
Pes Cavus
36
Calcaneocuboid Joint
-Articulation between Calcaneus and Cuboid -Synovial -Plane
37
Long Plantar Ligament
-Helps maintain arches in foot
38
Transverse Tarsal joint (Midtarsal Joint)
Movements: Inversion, Eversion -Helps increase inversion/eversion range by allowing abduction and adduction of the forefoot
39
Talocalcaneonavicular Joint & Calcaneocuboid Joint are sometimes referred to as
Midtarsal joint
40
Intertarsal, Tarsometatarsal & Intermetatarsal Joints
-Synovial -Plane -Little movement at 2nd tarsometatarsal joint Movements: -Limited due to tight binding by the ligaments -Bases of the 2nd through 5th metatarsals are firmly bound by ligaments
41
The Metatarsophalangeal Joints
-Head of metatarsals articulate with the bases of the proximal phlalanges -Synovial -Condyloid Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction Supporting Ligaments: -Collateral ligaments on either side of the joints -Plantar surface of joint capsules are thickened to form the plantar plates
42
Interphalangeal Joints
-Head of phalanx articulates with the base of the phalanx distal to it -Synovial -Hinge Movements: flexion, extension Supporting Ligaments: Collateral ligaments
43
Arches of the foot
-Bones of the foot form arches which act as shock absorbers
44
What are the arches of the foot?
1. Medial longitudinal arch 2. Lateral longitudinal arch 3. Transverse arch
45
Arches are maintained by
1. Shape of the interlocking bones 2. Ligaments 3. Fascia 4. Action of the muscles
46
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Bones: Calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuniforms, metatarsals 1-3 -Arch does not normally come in contact with the ground -More involved in propulsion than weight bearing
47
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Bones: Calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsals 4,5 -More invoved in weight bearing than propulsion
48
Transverse Arch
-Involves whole length of foot Anterior Portion: Head of 1st MT to head of 5thMT Middle Portion: Cuneiform #1 to Cuboid Posterior Portion: Navicular to Cuboid
49
Plantar Fascia (Plantar Aponeurosis)
-Thick, central fascia on sole of foot Attaches: Medial Calcaneal Tubricle - Proximal Phalanx of each toe -Continuous with fascia of the calf
50
Windlass Mechanism
-As toes extend the plantar fascia tightens -It pulls calcaneus anteriorly and elevates the arches putting the foot into supination -Occurs whether the acton is active, passive, weight bearing or non-weight bearing
51
During windlass mechanism why does plantar fascia tighten when toes extend?
Because it crosses the MTPs
52
Femur
Longest/heaviest bone in the human body
53
Greater Trochanter
Bony prominence located on the anterolateral surface of the proximal shaft of femur, distal to femoral neck
54
Shaft
-Rough triangular in cross-sectional shape -Descends in a slight medial direction
55
Lateral Epicondyle
Bony projection on the lateral side of the distal femur
56
Lateral Condyle
Part of the expanded lower condyle of the femur
57
Patellar Surface (aka. trochlear groove)
Anterior portion of the femurs articular surface that covers both the medial and lateral condyles
58
Medial Condyle
Medially located, round, articular eminence found on the proximal end of the tibia
59
Medial Epicondyle
Most prominent point on the medial condyle
60
Adductor Tubercle
A bony protrusion located at the peak of the medial condyle of the femur
61
Intertrochanteric line
A line upon the anterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur, extending between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter
62
Lesser Trochanter
A compact conical bony prominence positioned at the junction of the posterioinferior region of the femoral neck and shaft
63
Neck (of femur)
Connects the femoral shaft with the femoral head
64
Fovea
Roughened pit-like depression located below and lateral to the central region of the femoral head
65
Head (of femur)
Faces medially, superiorly, anteriorly and articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis
66
Intertrochanteric crest
The ridge on the posterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur
67
Gluteal Tuberosity
broad, rough margin located along the upper postereolateral aspect of the body of femur
68
Linea Aspera
Longitudinally oriented rough ridge with 2 lips (medial and lateral) on the posterior surface of the femur
69
Intercondylar Notch (aka.intercondylar fossa)
Groove at distal end of femur
70
Popliteal Fossa
Diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint
71
Body (of femur)
Long part of femur
72
Popliteus Attachments
Inferior/distal attachment: Posterior proximal surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line
73
Popliteus Actions
Action: Flexion of the knee (very weak) Action: Medial rotation of the knee (key)
74
Screw Home Mechanism of the knee
When knee is fully extended, the tibia rotates laterally which locks the knee into a more stable position
75
What is the "Key to the Knee"?
Popliteus -To flex the knee, the popliteus medially rotates the tibia to "unlock" the knee and allow it to flex -Popliteus unlocks the screw home mechanism
76
The tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane and the intermuscular septa divide the leg into 4 compartments which are?
1. Anterior Compartment 2. Lateral Compartment 3. Superficial Posterior Compartment 4. Deep Posterior Compartment *Muscles in a compartment share the same general function, nerve supply and blood supply
77
*Tibialis Anterior Attachments
Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)
78
*Tibialis Anterior Actions
Action: Dorsiflexion Action: Inversion
79
Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Attachments
Inferior/Distal Attachment: base of the distal phalanx of the 1st. toe (dorsal surface)
80
Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Actions
Action: extension of MTP, IP of 1st digit (Extension of big toe) Action: assists in dorsiflexion, inversion
81
Hallucis Hallux
The great toe
82
Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) Attachments
Inferior/Distal attachment: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (dorsal surface)
83
Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) (Actions)
Action: Dorsiflexion Action: Eversion Action: Extension of MTPs, PIPs, DIPs 2nd-5th digits
84
What muscle in anterior compartment does not everyone have?
Peroneus Tertius
85
Peroneus Tertius Attachments
Inferior/Distal Attachment: base of the 5th MT (dorsal surface)
86
Peroneus Tertius Actions
Actions: Dorsiflexion (weak) Actions: Eversion (weak)
87
Retinacula
Prevent the tendons from bowing as the muscles contract
88
Where there is a possibility of friction between the tendons and the retinacula, there is a ___________ which surrounds the tendon.
Tendon sheath
89
There is a ________________ outer layer for structure and protection with a ___________________ or lubrication.
Connective tissue, synovial inner layer
90
Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus)
-Passes through the tunnel formed by the extensions of the long plantar ligament -Forms stirrup with tibialis anterior at the base of the 1st MT
91
Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus) Attachments
Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)
92
Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus) Actions
Action: Plantar Flexion Action: Eversion
93
Peroneus Brevis
-Both tendons pass behind lateral malleolus -Note the peroneal retinacula and the associated tendon sheaths
94
Peroneus Brevis Attachments
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Tuberosity of the 5th MT
95
Peroneus Brevis Actions
Actions: Plantar Flexion Actions: Eversion
96
Gastrocnemius Attachments
Superior/Proximal Attachment: 2 heads attaching to the medial and lateral femoral condyles Inferior/Distal Attachment: Calcaneus (via the achilles tendon)
97
Gastrocnemius Actions
Action: Plantar Flexion Action: Knee Flexion (weak)
98
Gastronemius and soleus together are often called the ____________.
Triceps Surae
99
Soleus Attachments
Superior/Proximal attachment: Proximal posterior fibula, soleal line (tibia), Middle 1/3rd of medial border of tibia Inferior/Distal attachment: Calcaneous (via the achilles tendon)
100
Soleus Action
Action: Plantar Flexion
101
Plantaris
Weak Muscle but if it ruptures (often with injury to the achilles), there can be significant pain
102
Plantaris Attachment
Superior/Proximal Attachment: distal lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur Inferior/Distal Attachment: Calcaneous (NOT via the achilles tendon)
103
Plantaris Actions
Action: Plantar Flexion (weak) Action: Knee Extension (weak)
104
Gastronemius & Soleus, share a common distal tendon called the ______________ which attaches to calcaneus.
Achilles Tendon
105
Fascia on calf is continuous with the ______________.
Plantar aponeurosis
106
Interosseous border
Where the interosseous membrane of the leg connects the shafts of the tibia and fibula together
107
Soleal Line
A prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the tibia
108
Intercondylar Emminence
The elevated bony region located at the center of the intercondylar area, on the superior surface of the upper end of the tibia
109
What is the rough ridge with medial and lateral lips, that goes down posterior side of femur?
Linea Aspera
110
Anterior Talofibular (Motion it Restricts)
Inversion/Plantar Flexion
111
Posterior Fibres of the Deltoid (Motion it Restricts)
Eversion/Dorsiflexion
112
Calcaneofibular (Motion it Restricts)
Inversion in Neutral
113
Anterior Fibres of the Deltoid (Motion it Restricts)
Eversion/Plantarflexion
114
What type of Joint is Subtalar?
Plane
115
What type of Joint is Talocrural?
Hinge
116
What type of Joint is Metatarsophalangeal?
Condyloid
117
What type of Joint is Talocalcaneonavicular?
Ball and Socket
118
What type of Joint is Interphalangeal?
Hinge
119
Sheath of Connective Tissue
Aponerosis
120
Bursa of Heel (Between Achilles Tendon and overlying skin)
Subcutaneous Calcaneal
121
What muscle is the key to the Knee?
Popliteus

Anatomy (22 decks)

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