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Anatomy > Knee Bones/Joints/Ligaments > Flashcards

Knee Bones/Joints/Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

Patella

A

-Triangle Shaped Sesamoid
-Bone in tendon of the quad (Specifically Rec Fem)

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1
Q

Sesamoid

A

A bone embedded in a tendon (usually shaped like a sesame seed)

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2
Q

Patella (Anterior View)

A

-Base (the flat superior edge)
-Apex (the more pointed inferior edge)

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3
Q

Patella (Posterior View)

A

-Vertical Ridge
-Medial Articular Facet
-Lateral Articular Facet
*Facets articulate with the patellar surface of the femur and the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

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4
Q

What are the three articulations of the knee?

A
  1. Lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the lateral femoral condyle
  2. Medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial femoral condyle
  3. Patella articulates with the femur
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5
Q

Available Movements of the Knee

A

-Flexion
-Extension
-Internal Rotation (Limited)
-External Rotation (Limited)
*Rotation occurs ONLY when Knee is flexed

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6
Q

Tibiofemoral Joint

A

-Medial and Lateral Condyles of the tibia articulate with the medial and lateral femoral condyles
-Synovial
-Modified Hinge (because it allows for some rotation)
-Biaxial

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7
Q

Patellofemoral Joint

A

-Medial and Lateral facets of the patella articulate with the patellar surface of the femur
-Synovial
-Plane
-Patella moves down (inferiorly) during flexion and up (superiorly and laterally) during extension
*The lateral femoral condyle projects farther (anteriorly) than the medial femoral condyle
*This more anterior prominence of the lateral femoral condyle prevents the patella from tracking too far laterally

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8
Q

The __________ femoral condyle projects farther (anteriorly) than the __________ femoral condyle

A

Lateral, Medial

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9
Q

This more anterior prominence of the lateral femoral condyle prevents the _____________ from tracking too far ___________.

A

Patella, Laterally

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10
Q

Valgus

A

Lateral deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint
-When knee is fixed and the tibia (specifically the distal end) has deviated laterally (relative to knee)
-a.k.a. Knock-Knee

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11
Q

Varus

A

(return) Medial deviation of the distal bone of a joint
-When the knee is fixed and the tibia (specifically the distal end) has deviated medially (relative to the knee)
-a.k.a. bow-leg

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12
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) (fibular collateral ligament)

A

-Attached: lateral epicondyle of the femur - fibular
head
-checks/restricts VARUS deviation
-“pencil-like” (easier to palpate)

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13
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) (tibial collateral ligament)

A

-Attaches: medial epicondyle of femur - medial condyle of the tibia
-checks/restricts VALGUS deviation
-it is a flat thickening of the joint capsule
-the deep fibres of the ligament are attached to the medial meniscus

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14
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

A

-Attaches: medial epicondyle of the femur - medial condyle of the tibia
-checks/restricts valgus deviation
-it is a flat thickening of the joint capsule
-the deep fibres of the ligament are attached to the medial meniscus

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15
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A

-Attaches: posterior intercondylar area of the tibia - anterior and lateral side of the medial femoral condyle
-slack when the knee is extended and taut when the knee is in full flexion
-checks posterior translation of the tibia on the femur (or anterior translation of the femur on the tibia) and knee flexion

16
Q

Cruciate ligaments are named for __________________.

A

Where they attach on the tibia. (i.e. the anterior cruciate ligament attaches anteriorly on the tibia)

16
Q

Medial and Lateral Coronary Ligaments (Attachments)

A

-Attach the medial and lateral menisci to their respective tibial plateaus

17
Q

Menisci of the knee

A

-C-shaped plated of fibrocartilage attached to the articular surfaces of the tibia
-Centre is thinner than the outer edges
-Slightly mobile and and aid in the spreading of synovial fluid during knee movement
-Function: shock absorbers
-Function: deepen the articulation (provide more stable articulation between the tibia and the femur
-ends of the C-shape are called horns
-medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament

18
Q

What is the terrible triad?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Medial Meniscus

19
Q

2 menisci are connected anteriorly by the _____________.

A

Transverse Ligament of the Knee

20
Q

Menisci of the knee (Function)

A

-Function: shock absorbers
-Function: deepen the articulation (provide more stable articulation between the tibia and the femur

21
Q

Menisci of the knee (Attachments)

A

-C-shaped plated of fibrocartilage attached to the articular surfaces of the tibia
-Medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament

22
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (Attachments)

A

-Attaches: posterior intercondylar area of the tibia - anterior and lateral side of the medial femoral condyle

23
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (Checks/Restricts)

A

-Checks posterior translation of the tibia on the femur (or anterior translation of the femur on the tibia) and knee flexion

24
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) (Attachments)

A

-Attaches: medial epicondyle of the femur - medial condyle of the tibia
-The deep fibres of the ligament are attached to the medial meniscus

25
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) (Checks/Restricts)

A

-Checks/restricts valgus deviation

26
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) (Attachments)

A

-Attaches: medial epicondyle of femur - medial condyle of the tibia
-the deep fibres of the ligament are attached to the medial meniscus

27
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) (Checks/Restricts)

A

-Checks/restricts VALGUS deviation

28
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) (Attachments)

A

-Attached: lateral epicondyle of the femur - fibular
head

29
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) (Checks/Restricts)

A

-Checks/restricts VARUS deviation

30
Q

Patellofemoral Joint (joint type)

A

-Synovial
-Plane

31
Q

Patellofemoral Joint (Articulation)

A

-Medial and Lateral facets of the patella articulate with the patellar surface of the femur

32
Q

Patellofemoral Joint (Movements)

A

-Patella moves down (inferiorly) during flexion and up (superiorly and laterally) during extension
*The lateral femoral condyle projects farther (anteriorly) than the medial femoral condyle
*This more anterior prominence of the lateral femoral condyle prevents the patella from tracking too far laterally

33
Q

Tibiofemoral Joint (joint type)

A

-Synovial
-Modified Hinge (because it allows for some rotation)
-Biaxial

34
Q

Tibiofemoral Joint (Articulation)

A

-Medial and Lateral Condyles of the tibia articulate with the medial and lateral femoral condyles

Anatomy (22 decks)

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