Final Review Flashcards by Amanda Pearman

Sternal angle

T4-T5 (costal cartilage 2)

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Anterior axillary / pectoral nodes receive ____% of lymphatics and drain into:

75%

Subclavian lymph trunks

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Pectoral major action

Flexion
Addiction
Medial arm rotation

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What is the arrangement of the neurovascular bundle?

Intercostal vein, artery, then nerve (VAN)

Present between internal intercostal and innermost layer of muscl and located along the lower border of the rib

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The internal thoracic artery is a branch of what?

Subclavian artery

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Upper thoracic aperture/ thoracic inlet wall boundaries:

Anterior: Manubrium sternum

Lateral: Medial margin of rib 1

Posterior: T1

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What type of joints are the costocorporeal?

Synovial plane joints

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What type of joints are the costotransverse joints?

Synovial plant joints

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Joint types for the sternocostal joints:

First sternocostal: Secondary cartilaginous joint

2nd-7th: Synovial plane joints

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Where is the vena canal opening?

What are its contents?

T8 in the central tendon

IVC and right phrenic nerve

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Where is the esophageal opening located?

What are its contents?

T10 in the muscular part of the diaphragm

Esophagus and vagus nerves

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Where are the pectinate muscles present in the heart?

Atrium proper

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Blood enters the left ventricle through the:

Left atrioventricular orifice

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What structures are present in the left ventricle?

Trabeculae carnae

Anterior and posterior papillary muscles

Chordate tendinae

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What does the left coronary artery supply?

Most of the left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum

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What is the main vein draining venous blood from the heart?

Coronary sinus

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What are the tributaries to the coronary sinus?

Great cardiac vein

Small cardiac vein

Middle cardiac vein

Posterior cardiac vein

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Which recess is present in the lateral part of each pleural cavity where costal and diaphragmatic pleura contact each other?

Costodiaphragmatic

Also, fluid can gather here and there will be no breath sounds when sick.

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Contents of the root of the lung

Main bronchus

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary veins

Lymphatics

Bronchial vessels

Pulmonary plexus of nerves

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Nerve supply of the parietal pluera

Costal plura- intercostal nerves

Mediastinal pleura- phrenic nerves

Diaphragmatic pleura- phrenic nerves

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What part of the mediastinum contains the azygos vein?

Middle

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What part of the mediastinum contains the esophagus?

Superior

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What part of the mediastinum contains both the azygos AND hemiazygos veins

Posterior

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What does the azygos vein drain into?

Superior vena cava

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Esophageal blood supply Upper: Middle: Lower:

Upper: inferior thyroid artery Middle: thoracic aorta Lower: left gastric artery

Plane that passes through the tips of the 9th costal cartilages and passes through the pylorus

Transpyloric plane (L1)

Membranous layer in inferior 1/3 of anterior abdomen

Scarpa’s fascia

Fascia deep to the transversus abdominis, containing the deep inguinal ring

Transversalis fascia

Where does the posterior layer of the rectus sheath end?

Inferiorly at the arcuate line

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

External and internal obliques

Spermatic cord coverings: Note what they are continuations of

External spermatic fascia- external oblique aponeurosis Cremasteric fascia- internal oblique Internal spermatic fascia- transversalis is fascia

The esophageal branches come from:

Left gastric artery Branch of the celiac trunk

Mucosal fold of the stomach What is its purpose?

Rugae Increases surface area

What is the blood supply to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Right gastric artery (branch of the hepatic artery proper)

What is the arterial supply of the fundus of the stomach?

Short gastric arteries (branches off the splenic artery)

Where does the lesser omentum attach?

Attaches to the lesser curvature and to the 1st part of the duodenum to the liver

What does the free border go the lesser omentum contain?

The common bile duct, hepatic artery proper and portal vein (portal triad)

What is the opening of the lesser sac/omental bursa called?

The epiploic/omental foramen

Duodenum peritoneum:

1st part: intraperitoneal Rest is Retroperitoneal

Posterior relations to the duodenum

Common bile duct Dastroduodenal artery Portal vein IVC

Small intestine vs large intestine:

Small intestine: - Mesentary: jejunum and ilium - NO taeniae coli - NO omental appendices - Smooth Wall - Plicae circulares Large intestine: - Mesentary: Transverse and sigmoid colon - Taenia coli - Omental appendices - Hausta - NO plicae circulares

Where are the plicae circulares most prominent?

In the duodenum

What does the ligament of traitz attach?

The 4th part of the duodenum to the left Cruz of the diaphragm

3 bands of longitudinal muscle fibers in the large intestine

Taeniae coli

The appendix has no ____ ____ It is completely covered by:

Taeniae coli Longitudinal muscular coat

Blood supply to the appendix

Appendicular artery | Branch from the ilocolic artery, which is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery

What parts of the large intestine are retroperitaoneal?

Ascending and descending | Transverse and sigmoid are intraperitoneal

Blood supply to the transverse colon

Middle colic artery (from superior mesenteric) Left colic (inferior mesenteric)

The porta hepatic (DOES/DOES NOT) have hepatic veins.

does not | Drains directly to the IVC

Blood supply to the gall bladder

Cyclic artery | Branch of the right hepatic artery

Which part of the gallbladder is completely covered in the peritoneum?

Fundus (intra?? It’s not retro..)

Blood supply to pancreas

Dorsal pancreatic artery | Branch from the splenic artery and greater pancreatic artery— also a branch from splenic

Blockage of the splenic artery would most affect what organ?

The pancreas

What makes the portal vein?

Superior mesenteric and splenic veins

The spleen’s long axis lies along the _____ rib and extends:

10th Anteriorly as far as the mid axillary line

What does the splenorenal ligament contain?

Splenic vessels and the tail of the pancreas

What innervates the foregut and midgut?

Parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve

What innervates the duodenum?

The vagus nerve

Illiacus nerve supply?

Femoral nerve (from the lumbar plexus)

Posterior relations of the kidneys

Right kidney: rib 12 only Left kidney: both ribs 11 and 12

What forms the renal papilla

Apex of the renal pyramid

Suprarenal gland blood supply

Superior: Inferior phrenic artery Middle: Abdominal aorta Inferior: Renal artery

The inferior vena cava is formed by: Where?

The union of the common iliac veins At L5

What does the ureter cross?

The bifurcation of the common iliac or external illiac in front of the sacroiliac joint

What type of joint is the SI joint?

Synovial

Piriformis is part of what pelvic wall?

Lateral and posterior

Pelvic inlet boundaries

Posterior: sacral promontory and alae/wings of sacrum Lateral: Linea terminals (arcuate line + pectin pubis + pubic crest) Anterior: pubic symphysis

Where does the rectum begin and end?

S3 to the tip of the coccyx

The lower part of the rectum expands to form:

Rectal ampulla

The rectum does not have any:

Taeniae coli Omental appendices Sacculation

Where is the Trigone of the bladder located?

At the base

This bladder sphincter is under voluntary control and is innervated by what nerve?

External (urethrae) bladder sphincter Pudendal

What makes up the ejaculatory duct?

Vas deferens and seminal vesicle

Venus drainage of the testes:

Left testicular vain (to the left renal vein) Right testicular vein (to the inferior vena cava)

The ejaculatory duct pierces the _____ surface of the prostate to each:

Posterior Prostatic urethra

Ejaculatory ducts open where?

In the prosthetic urethra

Where does the prostatic Venous plexus drain into:

Internal iliac vein and vertebral veins

What is the opening between the cervix and vagina?

External os

Ligament where ovarian vessels, nerves and lymphatics enter the superior pole of the ovary

Suspensory ligament

Epithelium for the anal canal

Upper: columnar Lower: simple squamous

The anal canal extends from ___ ___ to the ____ ____

Rectal ampulla Anal aperture (anus)

Nerve supply of the upper part of the anal canal

Autonomic/pelvic plexus

Ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossa Boundaries

Base- skin Medial wall- Levator ani and anal canal (NOT THE RECTUM) Lateral wall- obturator internus and pelvic fascia

Sphincter urethrae muscle nerve supply

Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve

Where is the perineal body present?

In the superficial perineal pouch

Final Review Flashcards

(85 cards)