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BIO 14 > FINALS - Animal Phyla > Flashcards

FINALS - Animal Phyla Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Thorny-headed worms, spiny-headed worms

A

ACANTHOCEPHALA

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2
Q

has eversible proboscis (elongate, projecting, & retractable structure used for feeding and defense)

A

ACANTHOCEPHALA

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3
Q

descended from modified rotifers

A

ACANTHOCEPHALA

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4
Q

rotifera + acanthocephala = ???

A

Syndermata

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5
Q

previously included in Platyhelminthes but assigned it own phylum due to absence of gut

A

ACOELOMORPHA

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6
Q

segmented worms + from latin “anellus” little ring

A

ANELIDA

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7
Q

3 examples of phylum annelida

A

leeches, earthworms, ragworms

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8
Q

insects, mites & ticks, spiders, myriapods (millipedes, centipedes, etc.), crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, prawns, sowbugs), scorpions, whip scorpions, pseudoscorpions, etc.

A

ARTHROPODA

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9
Q

has hard “valves” (shells) on upper and lower surfaces

A

BRACHIOPODA

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10
Q

has hard “valves” (shells) on its left and right surfaces

A

MOLLUSCA

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11
Q

valves hinge at rear end & the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection.

A

BRACHIOPODA

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12
Q

small, colonial, filter-feeding, almost exclusively sessile, aquatic organisms

A

BRYOZOA

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13
Q

arrow worms; small predatory marine animals; in huge numbers among plankton worldwide

A

CHAETOGNATHA

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14
Q

6 characteristics of PHYLA CHORDATA

A
  1. bilaterian
  2. a notochord
  3. a hollow dorsal nerve cord
  4. an endostyle or thyroid
  5. pharyngeal slits
  6. post-anal tail
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15
Q

simple & aquatic, MOSTLY marine animals composed of zooid (clones)

A

CNIDARIA

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16
Q

are all cnidaria colonial?

A

no, only some

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17
Q

marine invertebrates that include comb jellies

A

CTENOPHORA

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18
Q

CNIDARIA

  • zooids may take form as ____ or _____ at _____ phases of their life
A
  • polyps
  • medusae
  • different
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19
Q

largest animals to swim with the help of cilia

A

COMB JELLIES (Ctenophora)

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20
Q

CTENOPHORA

  • why are comb jellies called as such?
A

consist of groups of cilia for swimming

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21
Q

2nd-largest group of deuterostomes (after the chordates)

A

ECHINODERMATA

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22
Q

peculiar microscopic animals, with no obvious close relatives

A

CYCLIOPHORA

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23
Q

placement of lobster symbiont genus Symbion is still not finally settled

+++ ASNWER where currently placed

A

CYCLIOPHORA

currently placed in the clade Polyzoa along with the phyla Ectoprocta & Entoprocta

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24
Q

largest marine-only phylum

A

ECHINODERMATA

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25
includes brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, & sessile sea lillies
ECHINODERMATA
26
5- pointed radial (pentamerous) symmetry
ECHINODERMATA
27
Due to their simple body organization - previously grouped with Mesozoa, but phylogenetic & molecular studies show closer relationships to the nematodes & myxozoans
ORTHONECTIDA
28
minute, solitary or colonial, sessile, aquatic animals
ENTOPROCTA
29
among the few animals commonly found in anaerobic environments
GASTROTRICHA
30
velvet worms, peripatus; elongate, soft-bodied, any-legged; prey on other invertebrates, which they catch by ejecting adhesive slime
ONYCHOPHORA
31
microscopic, free-living, unsegmented & hermaphroditic marine worms
GNATHOSTOMULIDA
32
GASTROTRICHA - where can this phyla be commonly seen
abundant on most aquatic habitats
33
uniquely distinguished by a monociliated epidermis
GNATHOSTOMULIDA
34
acoelomate, colorless, microscopic (60–800 μm), invertebrates
GASTROTRICHA
35
protostomic invertebrates
MOLLUSCA
36
includes mud dragons
KINORHYNCHA
37
free-living, microscopic marine animals; probably bacterivores
LORICIFERA
38
triploblastic, eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical marine deuterostomes; sister to echinoderms
HEMICHORDATA
39
sister group to Nematoda
NEMATOMORPHA
40
free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic
NEMATODA
41
monotypic phylum; microscopic animal, probably remnant from Cretaceous
MICROGNATHOZOA
42
Horsehair worms
NEMATOMORPHA
43
2 CLASSES OF NEMATOPHORA
1. NECTONEMATIDS - parasites of marine crustaceans (crabs & shrimps) 2. GORDIIDS - parasites of terrestrial arthropods (crickets, grasshoppers, beetles)
44
ribbon worms or proboscis worms
NEMERTEA
45
lacks discrete organs, clear nerves, muscle cells, extracellular matrix, and basal membrane.
PLACOZOA
46
horseshoe worms; marine filter-feeders with a lophophore (a "crown" of tentacles)
PHORONIDA
47
build upright tubes of chitin to support and protect their soft bodies
PHORONIDA
48
ROTIFERA -coelom formation
pseudocoelomate
49
amoeba–like; flat, sandwich-like, asymmetrical body plan with lower epithelium facing substrate and upper epithelium facing open water and fiber cells in between
PLACOZOA
50
unsegmented, bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, marine benthic worms
PRIAPULIDA
51
relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, softbodied acoelomate invertebrates
PLATYHELMINTHES
52
usually seabedbound sessile filter feeders & pore-bearing
PORIFERA
53
Wheel animals or wheel animalcules
ROTIFERA
54
important reef-building organisms.
PORIFERA
55
Dicyemida or dicyemid mesozoans
RHOMBOZOA
56
peanut worms
SIPUNCULA
57
invariably treated as a phylum; or a class within Annelida (as it is now) or Mollusca
SIPUNCULA
58
Water bears, moss piglets – 8-legged segmented microscopic animals, usually known as water-dwellers
TARDIGRADA
59
TARDIGRADA - are they only found in water?
no. they can be found in mountaintops, rainforests, and volcanoes
60
monophyletic phylum formerly grouped with Platyhelminthes; triploblastic, acoelomate
XENACOELOMORPHA
61
Connect all phylogenetic trees (cladograms of all organisms) + 2 authors?
TREE OF LIFE 1. Darwin 2. Ernst Haeckel
62
9 STAGES of EVOLUTION of LIFE
1. 4.6 BYA - earth formation 2. volcanic activity 3. abiogenetic synthesis of simple carbon monomers ("primordial soup") 4. abiotic synthesis of polymers ("protenoids") 5. Aggregation of polymers - protenoid microsphere 6. osmoheterotrophs 7. prokaryotic cells 8. photosynthetic variants 9. sexually reproducing eukaryotic organisms

BIO 14 (31 decks)

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