FINALS THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY Flashcards
(30 cards)
the Philippines is one of the most _________ countries
megadiverse
how many countries are said to be megadiverse?
17 countries
what do u call the regions with exceptionally high levels of species diversity, many of which are unique to that area (endemic) and are facing significant threats?
+ reason behind this criteria
Biodiversity Spots
- so that we can know where to concentrate preservation efforts
3 importance of biodiversity in Humans
- Human Health
- plants used as medicine - Agricultural Diversity
- the ability to create/breed new crop varieties (to better suit its environment for quality growth) relies on the diversity of varieties available - Wild food source
threats to biodiversity is a combination of _____ _____ _____ & _____ ______
- human population growth
- resource exploitation
what specific type of compound found in plants that are used as medicine?
SECONDARY PLANT COMPOUNDS
- plant toxins against predators but has medicinal uses for humans
3 Overall Threats to Tropical Biodiversity
- Habitat Destruction, fragmentation, & Degradation
- Exotic Species, Introductions, Disease, & Overexploitation
- Current Climate Change events
how does climate change threaten biodiversity?
Climate change poses a significant threat to biodiversity, primarily by altering habitats and forcing species to adapt, migrate, or face extinction
very cause for habitat loss?
modifications to environments due to technological & industrial advancements
7 human terrestrial actions that threaten biodiversity
- Land Conversion
- Extractive Industries
- Mining
- Logging (BOTH legal and illegal)
- Kaingin (slash&burn of areas to used for farming)
- Charcoal-making
- Hunting
6 human aquatic actions that threaten biodiversity
- Siltation
- Cultural Eutrophication
- Fishpens
- Unregulated Fishing
- Illegal Fishing
- Oil spills
what is siltation?
water bodies are filled with soil for infrastractures
what is cultural eutrophication?
It is related to an excess of nutrients such as phosphates gathering in a lake that encourage the growth of large amounts of plants and algae.
When these algae die and decay, high levels of oxygen are used in the process. This often leads to total oxygen depletion, which harms the aquatic ecosystem
2 examples of Illegal Fishing
dynamite and cyanide
direct effect of fishpens that threaten biodiversity?
Fishpens can threaten biodiversity by disrupting natural habitats, altering water quality, and introducing non-native species. Overstocking and excessive feeding in fishpens can lead to oxygen depletion and algal blooms, harming native fish populations and aquatic ecosystems
3 major general threats to biodiversity by humans
- Pollution (air, land, water, noise, light)
- Uncontrolled Tourism
- Increasing Human Population
what is an invasive species (2)?
+ examples (6)
a species that is:
1) non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration, and
2) whose introduction causes or is likely to
cause:
- economic harm, or
- environmental harm, or
- harm to human health
*Nipaecoccus nipae
*Quadrastichus erythrinae
*Brontispa longissima
*Polyphagotarsonemus latus
*Heteropsylla cubana
*Aleurodicus dispersus
10 IMPACTS of Invasive Species
- Ecosystem modification
- Resource Competition
- Aggression and its analogs
- Predation
- Herbivory
- Pathogens & Parasites
- Hybridization
- Chain Reactions
- Invasional Meltdown
- Multiple Effects
*basically, introduction of such can lead to a decline in population of other species
how do invasive species specifically affect the ecosystem?
+ 6 examples
- changed effects on the physical structure of ecosystems
- Water hyacinth
- Paper Mullberry
- Skyflower
- Baging-hapon
- Thai cucumber
- Hagonoy
AGGRESSION and its analogs: animals (4)
- Red imported fire ants
- Argentine ant
- Temane
- Mahogany
example of herbivory as impact of invasive species?
GOATS (invasive) earing Cassava mealybug
2 approaches to conservation
- In situ conservation
(on site) - Ex situ conservation
(off site)
rationale for saving the endangers species (4)
- Its our moral obligation
- We can’t afford losing our species – our genetic stock
- Consequences of an imbalanced ecosystem – the web of life
- Our future generation’s sake
6 examples for in situ conservation?
- providing species’ basic needs
- providing for their special requirements
- favoring breeding success
- evaluating habitat quality and taking actions to remedy certain deficiencies
- determining habitat’s carrying capacity
- taking steps in managing their populations
