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BIO 14 > FINALS ANIMAL TISSUES > Flashcards

FINALS ANIMAL TISSUES Flashcards

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1
Q

4 MAIN TYPES of Animal Tissues

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
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2
Q

4 main functions of epithelial tissues

A
  1. protection
  2. absorption
  3. secretion
  4. excretion
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3
Q

EPITHELIAL TISSUES are _______ packed with _____ extracellular spaces

A
  • closely
  • little
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4
Q

do epithelial tissues commonly contain blood vessels?

A

no

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5
Q

3 types of EPITHELIAL TISSUES

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Columnar
  3. Cuboidal
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6
Q

4 functions of connective tissues

A
  1. support
  2. transport
  3. protection
  4. repair
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7
Q

3 types of connective tissues

A
  1. loose (blood and adipose)
  2. dense (tendons)
  3. specialized (bone)
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8
Q

3 types of muscular tissues

A
  1. skeletal
    - multinucleated
    - striated
    - muscle fibers
    - voluntary
  2. smooth
    - uninucleated
    - involuntary
  3. cardiac
    - uninucleated
    - striated
    - voluntary
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9
Q

what do u call the striations in cardiac muscles?

A

intercalated disks

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10
Q

NERVOUS TISSUE

the individual functional units?

A

neurons

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11
Q

NERVOUS TISSUE

takes away info

A

axons

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12
Q

NERVOUS TISSUE

receives info

A

dendrites

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13
Q

NERVOUS TISSUE

contains cellular structures

A

cell body

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14
Q

4 functions of integumentary system

A
  1. protection
  2. support
  3. movement
  4. thermoregulation
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15
Q

3 basic features of animal body

A
  1. presence of external body covering (integument / skin)
  2. supporting framework (skeleton)
  3. body movement and locomotion (muscles)
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16
Q

external vs internal function of skeletal system

A

EXTERNAL - gives shape

INTERNAL - leverage for locomotion

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17
Q

external function of muscular system

A

body shape

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18
Q

5 examples of structures associated with the integumentary system

A
  1. hair
  2. setae
  3. scales
  4. feathers
  5. horns
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19
Q

5 types of SKIN SURFACES in animals

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A
  1. one-layered epidermis
  2. one-layer epidermis with cuticle
  3. external skeleton
  4. thin, prickly epidermis
  5. keratinized skin
20
Q

in what animals is their ONE-LAYERED EPIDERMIS the SIMPLEST (2)

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A

porifera & cnidaria

21
Q

what part of the integumentary system prevents loss of body fluids

22
Q

in what phyla can the one-layer epidermis with cuticle be found?

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A

platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida

23
Q

2 types of exoskeleton

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A
  1. calcium carbonate shell (mollusks and arachnids)
  2. chitin cuticle - most arthropods
24
Q

in what phyla can the prickly epidermis with cuticle be found?

25
in what phyla can the keratinized skin epidermis with cuticle be found?
chordata
26
3 types of skeleton
1. hydrostatic skeleton 2. exoskeleton 3. endoskeleton
27
in what phyla can the hydrostatic skeleton can be found?
worms and cnidarians
28
in what phyla can the exoskeleton can be found?
arthropods and mollusks
29
2 kinds of supportive tissue in vertebrates
1. cartilage 2. bone
30
1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of endoskeleton
ADV: does not impede growth DIS: cannot be repaired when damaged
31
3 animals WITHOUT a circulatory system + what do they use instead?
1. sea anemones and planaria - diffusion through gastrovascular system due to small and flattened size which increase surface area for absorption 2. pseodocoelomates - all fluids is transported thru its body cavity 3. echinoderms - rely only movement of coelomic fluid as transport
32
other term for pseudocoelomates
nematodes
33
what type of animals have a circulatory system?
coelomate animals
34
4 types of nutrient acquisition in animals? + what type of animals
1. active food seeking - vertebrates 2. substrate swallowing - worms 3. filter feeding - cnidarians and mollusks 4. fluid feeders - platyhelminthes and nematodes
35
what 2 systems facilitate with nutrient acquisition? (not digestion)
muscular movement & nervous coordination
36
2 types of digestive system: - number of openings - other features
1. Incomplete Digestive system - 1 opening = mouth papunta asa gastrovascular cavity 2. Complete Digestive system - 2 openings = mouth, anus - compartmentalized digestive tract with various enzymes
37
animals with incomplete digestive system (2) animals with complete digestive system
1. cnidarians 2. platyhelminthes 1. all animals except the 2 ^^
38
asexual reproduction by animals types (3)?
1. Budding in Hydra and Sponges 2. Fission in Sponges 3. Regeneration in Starfish
39
sexual reproduction in sponges involve a _____ stage that ___. adult sponges _____ in one place
- larval - moves - stay
40
the process where an unfertilized egg develops without fertilization + example animal
parthenogenesis - drones (male honeybees) **queen and female workers form from the fertilized eggs
41
what do you call an individual with both male and female reproductive systems?
hermaphrodite
42
how can fertilization occur? ( 3 ways ) + 3 types
1. externally in water 2. externally on land 3. internally
43
difference between the 3 types of occurrence of fertilization + example animal
1. Oviparous - lay eggs that develop and hatch outside the parent's body (birds and reptiles) 2. Ovoviviparous - produce eggs that hatch inside the parent's body, and the young are born live (some snakes and sharks). 3. Viviparous - give birth to live young that have developed inside the mother's body, typically with a placenta (mammals)
44
How do Surinam Toads fertilize their eggs?
The female lays eggs on her back, which are then fertilized by the male and stick to her skin.
45
SPERMATOGENESIS vs OOGENESIS
SPERMATO: production of male gametes (spermatozoa) in seminiferous tubes OOGE: production of female gametes (eggs)
46
when does cleavage occur specifically in relation to the fertilization of the single-celled zygote?
cleavage occurs SEVERAL DAYS following fertilization *so basically, the single-celled zygote undergoes cleavage and cell division as it travels thru the oviduct

BIO 14 (31 decks)

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