Foetal Growth And Development Flashcards

1
Q

Duration of pregancy dating

A

Last menstrual period

Uterine size - symphysis fundal height

Developmental criteria- biomarkers, biometrics (head circumference vs abdomen, amniotic volume) ultrasound

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2
Q

How to measure fundal height

A

Consent, Dignity
Not lying flat (supine hypotension)
Locate top if the fundus to pubic symphysis
Share with woman, record and plot

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3
Q

Current average birth weight

A

7.5lb, 3.2kg

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4
Q

What are the landmarks of the gravid uterus in each trimester?

A

End of 1st trimester - lifts out of the pelvis
2nd trimester - umbilicus
3rd trimester - xiphisternum

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5
Q

Markers of fundal height

A

1cm per week of pregnancy

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6
Q

Sources of error in fundal height

A

Bladder
Multiple pregnancy
Incorrect dating
Fibroids

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7
Q

Foetal distress

A

Acute distress in Iabour

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8
Q

Foetal compromise

A

Health of the baby in utero is compromised.

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9
Q

Biophysical growth measurements

A

Ultrasound scan
Cardiotocograph

B - breathing
A - amniotic fluid
T - tone 
H - heart rate
M - movements
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10
Q

When are foetal movements felt?

A

Detected at 8 weeks

Felt at 18-20 weeks

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11
Q

Why is monitoring foetal movements is important

A

Change in foetal movements can indicate development.

Increase with growth
Decrease can indicate compromise

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12
Q

Ultrasound scanning in pregnancy

A

12 weeks, dating or viability scan

20 weeks is an anomaly scan

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13
Q

Preterm babies are small and physiologically immature. Which organ needs to be managed and why?

A

Lung

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14
Q

Drugs used to prevent labour

A

Tocolytics

Allows administration if corticosteroids to accelerate foetal lung maturity
And transfer to a suitable unit

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15
Q

IUGR

A

2 main types:

Asymmetrical - head sparing, most commonly extrinsic factors later in pregnancy. Loss of abdominal fat.

Symmetrical - undernourished, genetic

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16
Q

Causes of asymmetrical IUGR

A

Placental insufficiency
Smoking
Pre-eclampsia

17
Q

Birthweights of a large, small and average baby

A

Average 3.2kg
Large: over 4.5kg
Small: under 2.5kg

18
Q

When is the period of most foetal growth?

A

third trimester, between 20-40weeks (300g-3kg)

19
Q

Name 4 factors that have an impact on foetal growth

A
pre-eclampsia
trauma
maternal nutrition 
multiple pregnancy
smoking
alcohol/drugs