Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve root supply to hamstrings

A

L5, S1, S2

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2
Q

Nerve root supply to gastrocnemius and soleus

A

S1, S2

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3
Q

Nerve roots to deep flexor muscles of the thigh

A

S1, S2

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4
Q

Nerve root to tibialis posterior and popliteus

A

L4, L5

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5
Q

Nerve root to intrinsic muscles of the feet

A

S2, S3

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6
Q

Nerve root to plantar cutaneous nerves

A

L4, L5, S1

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7
Q

Roots of the sciatic nerve

A

L4 - S3

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8
Q

What are the cutaneous nerve areas?

A
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9
Q

What parts of the hip are palpable?

A

Iliac crest

ASIS

PSIS

Ischial spine

Ischial tuberosity

Pubic tubercle

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10
Q

Ligaments of the hip joint

A

Iliofemoral

Pubofemoral

Ischiofemoral

Formed from thickenings of the joint capsule which wrap around the joint from posterior to anterior. This limits extension of the hip and stabilises the trunk

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11
Q

Common complication of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Circumflex arteries surround the femoral neck and pass through the fibres of the joint capsule to the femoral head. Intracapsular fractures can disrupt blood supply, meaning that the only blood supplies to the head of the femur is from a small artery in the ligament of the femoral head.

Lack of blood supply causes necrosis.

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12
Q

Valgus

A

Distal part of the bone directed away from the midline

Increase in joint angle

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13
Q

Varus

A

Distal part of bone directed toward the midline

Decrease in joint angel

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14
Q

Iliotibial tract

A

Lateral thickening of fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh)

Acts as an attachment point for muscles

Asissts in knee extension and staability

Saphenous veins run superficial to the fascia

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15
Q

Anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Produces hip flexion and extension of the knee

Innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Blood supplied by femoral artery

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16
Q

Medial compartment of the thigh

A

Produces adduction of the hip

Innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Supplied by the obturator artery

17
Q

Posterior compartment

A

Produces extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, rotation of the leg.

Innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) - tibial division (L5,S1)

Blood supplied by branches of profunda femorisa

18
Q

Name four structures that drain in inguinal lymph nodes

A

Lower limb
Perineal region
Penis
Lower anal canal
Lower vagina
Anterior labia majora / scrotal skin

19
Q

Functions of menisci in the knee

A

Increases contact area

Improves weight bearing

Acts as shock absorbers

Participate in locking mechanism of the knee

20
Q

5 nerves that supply the foot

A

Deep fibular nerve

Tibial nerve

Superficial fibular nerve

Sural nerve

Saphenous nerve

21
Q

Femoral canal

A

Fascial compartment that contains lymph cessels and lymph nodes

22
Q

Femoral sheath

A

Fascia forms a femoral sheath around the femoral vessels

Femoral nerve lies outside the femoral sheath, deep to iliac fascia

Femoral artery, vein and lymphatics are inside the fasia (lymphatics sit in the femoral canal, artery and vein are in the sheath)

23
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Lies in the posterior part of psoas major

Composed of anterior rami of L1-L4 nerves

Iliohypogastric L1
Ilioinguinal L1
Genitofemoral L1/L2
Lateral cutanous nerve of the thigh L2/L3
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
(Lumbosacral trunk)

24
Q

Sacral plexus nerves

A

Superior gluteal (L4-S1)

Sciatic (L4-S3)

Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)

Nerve to piriformis S1/S2

Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L4-S1)
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5-S2)

Pudendal (S2-S4)