Föreläsning 9

Question 1

What is action research?

Answer 1

Action research is a research methodology that emphasizes problem-solving and practical solutions to real-world issues through a collaborative process

Question 2

What is the difference between methods and methodologies?

Answer 2

Methods are the specific techniques or procedures used to gather and analyze data while methodology refers to the theoretical framework or philosophy that guides the selection and application of methods

Methods - Surveys, interviews
Methodologies - Qualitative and quantitative methodologies, Action Theory, Ethnorgraphy

Question 3

What are the 5 steps of action research?

Answer 3

1. Diagnosis: Identify the nature of the problem or situation, including
   contextual aspects. Understand the theories guiding your process
   (literature).
2. Planning: Plan the specific actions that should alleviate the situation
   (or problem-solving methodology)
3. Intervention: Take action in the real world, according to the initial
   plan.
4. Evaluation: Both in terms of research (how well it fits with existing
   theories) and real-life impact.
5. Reflection: What has been achieved? Do we need another cycle of
   changes and interventions?

Question 4

What is participatory design?

Answer 4

Participatory design is a research and design approach that actively involves end-users or stakeholders in the design process of a product, system, or service. The goal is to ensure that the design reflects the needs, preferences, and experiences of the users who will interact with the final product.

Question 5

What is ethnography?

Answer 5

Ethnography is the study of social interactions, behaviours and perceptions that occur within groups, organisations and communities

Question 6

What is Autoethnography?

Answer 6

Autoethnography uses self- reflection and writing to explore personal experiences and connect them to broader cultural, political, and social meanings and understandings.

Question 7

What are probes

Answer 7

Probes are tools or techniques used in research, particularly in the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI), design research, and qualitative studies, to gather in-depth insights from participants about their experiences, behaviors, and thoughts. Probes are often used in participatory design and other user-centered research methods to understand the context, needs, and preferences of users in a more detailed way.

Question 8

What are the characteristics of action research?

Answer 8

• Concentration on practical issues - Instead of experiments in labs and such, AR focuses on problems expressed by the people. This means researchers need to work in the field.
• An iterative cycle of plan-act-reflect
• Collaboration with practitioners - The people living and working in the study are active participants in the research
• Multiple data generation methods - Both qulitative and quantative data can be used
• Action outcomues plus research outcomes - Real world progress plus contrbution to research is made