Fractures

Question 1

Salter Harris

Answer 1

growth plate fractures. End of long bone of child

Question 2

Avulsion

Answer 2

generally a small fragment torn from a bony prominence as a result of indirectly applied tension forces within a ligament or tendon

Question 3

Communited - Butterfly

Answer 3

is an elongated triangular fragement of cortical bone generally detached from 2 other larger fragments of bone

Question 4

Communited - Splintered

Answer 4

Long, sharp pointed fragments

Question 5

Depressed

Answer 5

occurs in frontal bone of skull or tibial plateau

Question 6

Stress or fatigue

Answer 6

repeated strain or stress

Question 7

What are the most common sites for pathologic fracture?

Answer 7

spine, femur, humerus

Question 8

Torus (Buckle)

Answer 8

one cortex is intact with buckling or compaction of the opposite cortex

Question 9

Displacement

Answer 9

degree of separation of bone fragments

Question 10

Stable pelvis fracture:

Answer 10

pelvic ring in its periphery or at one level. Direct blow may cause fracture through ilium or pubic ramus

Question 11

Colles fracture

Answer 11

transverse fracture in the distal inch of the radius with dorsal (posterior) angulation

Question 12

Smith fracture

Answer 12

distal fragment is displaced anterior (palmar) aspect.

Caused by direct blow or fall with the wrist in hyperflexion

Question 13

What bone is the most common carpal to break?

Answer 13

Navicular. Non-union is serious complication

Transverse through waist

Question 14

Boxers

Answer 14

transverse through the head of the 5th metacarpal with palmar angulation and occasionally the 4th metacarpal

Question 15

Bennets

Answer 15

fracture and dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint

Avulsion fracture of the base of the first in association with dislocation of the trapezium from the pulling action of the abductor pollicus longud tendon. Thumb forced back

Question 16

Monteggia

Answer 16

isolated fracture of the shaft of the ulna associated with anterior dislocation of the radius at the elbow

Question 17

galeazzi

Answer 17

combination of a fracture of the shaft of the radius and a dorsal (posterior) dislocation of the ulna at the wrist

Question 18

Potts

Answer 18

fracture of both malleoli and dislocation of the ankle joint

Question 19

Potts -Bimalleolar

Answer 19

one side fractures transversely and the other side is a spiral or oblique fracture

Question 20

Potts - Trimalleolar

Answer 20

involves the posterior lip of the tibia in addition to the medial and lateral malleoli and tibiotalar dislocations

Question 21

Jones

Answer 21

transverse fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal

Question 22

Risk of open skull fractures

Answer 22

mengingitis or brain absess

Question 23

skull - cerebrail cranial fracture

Answer 23

in the calvaria (upper portion) of the skull

Question 24

Linear skull fracture

Answer 24

straight, sharp lucent line that is often irregular or jagged ad occasionally branches.

Question 25

Depressed Fracture (Skull)

Answer 25

often stellate (star-shaped) with multiple fracture lines radiating outward from a central point

Question 26

What is the most common facial fracture

Answer 26

nasal bone

Question 27

Nasial bone

Answer 27

- may be simple, nondisplaced linear or comminuted with depression of the septum - Most often the nasal bone fractures are transverse and affect the distal portion

Question 28

Blow out

Answer 28

direct blow to the front of the orbit causing an increased orbital pressure

Question 29

Zygomatic Arch

Answer 29

blow from the side of a face

Question 30

Tripod

Answer 30

1. floor orbit 2.zygomatic arch 3. lateral orbital rim and frontal -zygomatic suture seperation

Question 31

3 classifications of Le Fort fractures maxilla

Answer 31

Horizontal, pyramidal, transverse

Question 32

what is adjacent for maxilla?

Answer 32

nasal cavity, sinuses, orbit and brain

Question 33

Anterior columns for spine

Answer 33

vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 34

Posterior columns for spine?

Answer 34

facets, apophyseal joints, pedicles, laminae, spinous processes and the intervening ligaments

Question 35

Jefferson (Bursting) fracture

Answer 35

communited fracture of the ring of the atlas, involves both the anterior and posterior arches and causes displacement of the fragements

Question 36

odontoid process fractures-unstable

Answer 36

transverse and located at the vas of the dens Type 2 - most common often nonunion Type 3 - very common but heals easier

Question 37

Hangmans fracture

Answer 37

traumatic spondylosis | Fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet and usually involves anterior subluxation of C2 on C3

Question 38

Clay Shovelers - stable

Answer 38

-Avulsion fracture of a spinous process in the lower cervical or upper thoracic spine