PATH 181 LO5

Question 1

define hematopoiesis

Answer 1

refers to the formation of blood and encompasses cellular proliferation, differentiation and functional maturation.

Question 2

Where are RBC manufactured in adults?

Answer 2

The red marrow of the:

• skull
• Sternum
• Ribs
• Pelvic bones

Question 3

What regulates blood cell proliferation?

Answer 3

group of glycoproteins called cytokines

Question 4

What is yellow marrow?

Answer 4

it is capable of reverting to active red marrow in cases of increased demand

Question 5

What is the myeloid : erythroid ratio?

Answer 5

nucleated white cells out number nucleated red cells

3:1

Question 6

What are 4 blood cell function disorders?

Answer 6

• Anemia
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Bleeding disorders

Question 7

What does hemoglobin’s synthesis require?*

Answer 7

• Iron
• Vitamin B12
• Vitamin B6
• Folic acid

Question 8

define hemoglobinopathy

Answer 8

disease that results from abnormal globin chains, and a normal heme portion.

Question 9

What is the diurnal variation in Hb and hematocrit?

Answer 9

Peak-9am

Low-8pm

Question 10

Where do we get Vitamin B12 from?

Answer 10

eating meat, eggs and dairy

Question 11

What are ways our bodies become deficient with vit B12?

Answer 11

malabsorption, deficiency in intrinsic factor

Question 12

What is the carrier protein for vit B12?

Answer 12

transcobalamin

Question 13

Where is Vit B12 stored?

Answer 13

Liver, tissues and bone marrow

Question 14

How do we get folic acid in our body?

Answer 14

• green, leafy foods

- Intestinal microflora

Question 15

Where is folic acid stored?

Answer 15

liver, kidney and bone marrow

Question 16

Where is folic acid absorbed?

Answer 16

jejunum

Question 17

What will happen if there is a defiencieny in Vit B12 and Folic acid?

Answer 17

megaloblastic red cells

Question 18

What is the most abundant trace element in the body and essential to life?

Answer 18

Iron

Question 19

How is iron replaced in our body?

Answer 19

dietary absorption from meat, beans, leafy greens and fruit

Question 20

What regulates absorption of iron?

Answer 20

the intestines

Question 21

What transports iron?

Answer 21

Transferrin

Question 22

Where is ferritin stored?

Answer 22

bone marrow

Question 23

How do we measure iron status in the lab?

Answer 23

• iron
• Transferrin
• Ferritin
• TIBC

Question 24

what is the diurnal variation for iron?

Answer 24

peak- in the morning

Question 25

What is needed for DNA synthesis?

Answer 25

Vit B12, Folic acid

Question 26

What is needed for hemoglobin synthesis?

Answer 26

Iron and Vit B6

Question 27

What type of anemia will a deficiency in Vit B6 lead to?*

Answer 27

microcytic, hypochromic

Question 28

Where is erythripoietin produced?

Answer 28

kidneys

Question 29

What does decreased renal O2 tension do?

Answer 29

stimulates the release of EPO by the kidney which in turn stimulates erythropoiesis

Question 30

What does Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase serve to do?

Answer 30

protect the red cell from oxidation

Question 31

What are the two ways of classifying anemia?

Answer 31

- etiologically | - morphologically

Question 32

What are the three main categories of anemia?

Answer 32

- insiufficient erthyropoesis - Ineffective erythropoiesis - increased loss or destruction of RBC

Question 33

What is normocytic/normochromic anemia caused by?

Answer 33

Massive blood loss | "dilutional anemia"

Question 34

What is microcytic/hypochromic anemia caused by mainly?

Answer 34

Iron Deficiency

Question 35

What are other microcytic/hypochromic anemias?

Answer 35

thalassemia, lead toxicity and anemia, chromic inflammation

Question 36

What is macrocytic/normochromic anemia caused by?

Answer 36

megaloblastic anemia

Question 37

What is megaloblastic anemias caused by?

Answer 37

impaired DNA synthesis

Question 38

What are common causes of pseudoanemia?

Answer 38

- over hydration of patient - Fluid retention - Specimen contaminated with IV fluid - Pregnancy

Question 39

What are some examples of inherited anemia?

Answer 39

- Thalassemia - Sickle cell anemia - Hereditary spherocytosis

Question 40

What are some examples of acquired anemia?

Answer 40

- iron def - Pernicious anemia - Hemolytic anemia

Question 41

What amenia is alplastic anemia?

Answer 41

normochromic/normocytic

Question 42

What is hemolytic anemia?

Answer 42

red blood cell destruction greater than the rate at which the bone marrow can replace

Question 43

What anemia is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 43

normocytic/normochromic

Question 44

What anemia is thalassemia?

Answer 44

microcytic/hypochromic

Question 45

What kind of anemia is immune hemolytic anemia?

Answer 45

normocytic/normochromic

Question 46

What kind of anemia is hemolytic anemia if the newborn?

Answer 46

normochromic/normocytic

Question 47

What are the three main types of granulocytes?

Answer 47

- Neutrophils - Eosinophils - Basophils

Question 48

Which granulocyte is the first line of defense?

Answer 48

Neutrophil

Question 49

What is leukopenia?

Answer 49

low total WBC count

Question 50

Do newborns have high leukocyte counts?*

Answer 50

YES

Question 51

What are the physiological and pathological causes of neutophilia/granulocytosis?

Answer 51

Physiological: excercise, hypoxia, stress Pathological:infection, tissue damage

Question 52

What is lymphocytosis?

Answer 52

viral infection due to low granulocytes

Question 53

What is the one thing tested for in infectious mono?*

Answer 53

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 54

What chromosome is found in CML?

Answer 54

philadelphia

Question 55

What is an important cell found under the microscope in CLL?

Answer 55

smudge cells

Question 56

What is the most common leukemia in adults?

Answer 56

AML

Question 57

What is something important thats looked for in multpile myeloma?**

Answer 57

``` Monoclonal spike Bence jones (free light chains) ```

Question 58

What is hemophilia A?

Answer 58

deficiency of factor VIII (8)

Question 59

What is hemophillia B?

Answer 59

deficiency of factor IX (9)