LO 3 path 181 skeletal system

Question 1

What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Answer 1

Osteoblasts = bone-forming cells 
Osteoclasts = function to resorb bone during processes of growth and repair

Question 2

The plasma membrane of osteoblasts are rich in what?

Answer 2

alkaline phosphate (ALP)

Question 3

What is increased in Pagets disease?

Answer 3

ALP

Question 4

What does bones store?

Answer 4

Calcium and phosphorous

Question 5

What is Pagets disease?

Answer 5

also known as osteitis deformans. Bone disorder characterized by extensive bone resorption due to increased osteoclastic activity.

Question 6

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 6

absolute reduction of total bone mass

Question 7

What levels are normal in osteoporosis?

Answer 7

Calcium, alkaline, phosphate.

Question 8

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 8

degenerative disease of the joints.

Question 9

Are there any elevated levels of WBC, bacteria or uric acid crystals in osteoarthritis?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 10

autoimmune. chronic systemic disease with inflammation of synovial lining of joint.

Question 11

What is RHF (rheumatoid factor) in RA?

Answer 11

antibody that is an IgM class directed against the Fc portion of IgG.

Question 12

What is ANA used for in testing for RA?

Answer 12

detection of if there are autoantibodies (cells attacking themselves)

Question 13

Is systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) autoimmune?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

What is gout?

Answer 14

caused by hyperuricemia. High amounts of uric acid. Body makes uric acid when purines are broken down.

Question 15

What is the most common muscular dystrophy?

Answer 15

Duchenne’s

Question 16

What is Duchenne’s caused by?

Answer 16

mutation of dystrophin, a plasma membrane protein which holds structural proteins. It is a inherited X-linked trait only affecting males.

Question 17

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 17

Autoimmune disease which involves neuromuscular junction resulting in muscular weakness and fatigability in face an throat. Enlargement of the thymus.

autoimmune neuromuscular

Question 18

What does cloudy CSF mean?

Answer 18

abnormal query infection or inflammation

Question 19

What does yellow CSF mean?

Answer 19

Xanthochromia

Question 20

What does Xanthochromia mean?

Answer 20

Blood has been in CSF longer than 2-3 hours so cerebral hemorrhage, liver disease, bilirubin, carotene and melanin.

Question 21

What is a CVA (cerebrovascular accident)?

Answer 21

lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Also known as a stroke

Question 22

What are the two main causes of a stroke?

Answer 22

blocked artery, leaking blood vessel

Question 23

What is a ischemic stroke?

Answer 23

blocked artery

Question 24

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 24

leaking of a blood vessel

Question 25

What is a TIA (transient ischemic attacks)?

Answer 25

mini stroke or brief episodes of stroke episodes. Disappears in 24 hours.

Question 26

What may the laboratory test when it comes to strokes?

Answer 26

Prothrombin time and platelet count before giving a clot busting drug such as Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA).

Question 27

What is meningitis?

Answer 27

inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. May be due to bacteria, mycobacteria fungi and viruses.

Question 28

What is MS (multiple Sclerosis)?

Answer 28

autoimmune, progressive disease that destroys myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS

Question 29

what cells are affected in MS?

Answer 29

T cells

Question 30

In electrophoresis, what can oligoclonal banding help diagnose?

Answer 30

MS