PATH 179 LO 6 Flashcards
(49 cards)
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperaldrenalism/cushings?
-excess secretion of hormone monilizes lipids and ^ level in blood = obesity confined to trunk, round moon - shaped face and fat pad behind shoulders (buffalo hump)
What causes hyperaldrenalism/cushings?
excess production of glucocorticoid hormone from
- Functioning adrenal or non-adrenal tumor
- bilateral hyperplasia of adrenal cortex
- External administration of cortisone
What is the rad appearance for hyperaldrenalism/cushings?
CT -general enlargement of adrenal glands -benign or malignant tumor -Cranial CT can also find associated intrasellar lesion x-ray: diffuse osteoporosis -Leads to spontanoes fractures -Aseptic necrosis of the femur and humerus -Widening of the mediastinum -Renal calculi or nephrocalinosis
what is aldsteronism?
overproduction of alsosterone
Causes retention of Na and water and loss of K in urine
What is the signs and symptoms of aldosteronism?
-hypertension, muscular weakness or paralysis, excessive thrist
what is the rad appearance of aldosteronism?
CT/MRI determine location of tumor
What are the signs and symptoms of adrenogenital syndrome?
- excessive secretion of andogenically active substances
- results in accelerated skeleta; maturation, premature epiphyseal fusion may = dwarfism
- women= masculinization, hair on face, breasts diminsh, ovulation and menstration cease
What is hypoadrenalism?
-adrenal insufficiency
What causes hypoaldrenalism?
- mostly from excess steroid administration
- Addisons Dz-primary adrenocortical insufficiency from progressive cortical destruction
What are the signs and symptoms of acute hypoadrenalism?
- hypotension
- Rapid pulse
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
What are the symptoms of chronic hypoaderenalism?
- easily fatigued
- anorexia
- Weakness
- Weight loss
- Increased melanin pigmentation
What is the rad exam for hypoadrenalism?
- CT: enlargement of gland
- Small heart
What is adrenal carcinoma?
-functioning tumors that cause Cushing syndrome, virilization, feminization or aldosteronism
What is the rad appearance for adrenal carcinoma?
CT: large mass- irregular mass containing low-density areas with calcification. Contrast enhancing peripherpy. Mets may also detected
what is adrenal mets?
metastases to the adrenal gland
What causes adrenal mets?
- carcinomas of the lung, breast, kidney, ovary, melanomas and GI tract
- Causes downward displacement of the kidney with flattening of the upper pole
What is the rad apearance of adrenal mets?
-CT: solid, soft tissue mass that vary in size and number
What is the disease of adrenal medulla?
Pheochromocytoma
What is pheochromocytoma?
- tumor that arises in the adrenal medulla
- Produces excesive epinephrine and noreipinephrine
What is the rad exam for pheochromocytoma?
CT/US/MRI-localization of tumor, mets
What is the rad appearance of pheochromocytoma?
- round, oval or pear shaped masses, greater than 3 cm
- Arise in abdomen, rarely in chest or neck
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperpituitarism (acromegaly)?
-Acromegaly: continued growth of hands, feet, face
-Proliferation of cartilage causes joint space widening (especially MCP, hip)
-Longe fingers, bony tifts of distal phalanges, spade-shpae hand
-Degenerative changes develop early with spurring
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What is the rad appearance for hyperpituiitarism?
- thickening of the heel pads (tissue inferior to calcanues)
- bones of skull thick with increased density, especially at frontal and occipital regions (frontal/occipital bulge)
- Sinuses enlarge
- Prognathism (jutting jaw)
- Lat skull: expansion erosion of sella turcica from piuitary growth
What are the signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism?
- dwarfism:
- in kids, decreased HGH causes delayed appearance of growth centers > bones fail to grow normally in length and width, small
- Normal proportion, normal intellect
- May appear to have hydrocephaly b/c growth stops at a time when the skull is naturally bigger than face, and remains that way into adulthood
