Fractures pt.1 (Exam 3) Flashcards
Types of Fractures
Transverse (straight across)
Spiral (Twisted)
Greenstick (Splinter) (Younger people)
Comminuted (Shattered) (Not Good)
Oblique (Lateral)
Pathologic (Something going on caused fractured) (Bone Cancer) (Osteoporosis)
Stress (r/t repetitive movement and stress on joint)
Treatment of bones fractures greatly depends on
Location of bone fraction
(ex. Pelvic fracture can not be put into a cast) (might have internal device)
Three phases of bone healing
Inflammatory
-Hematoma forms at fracture site
-Provides stability and inflammation occurs
Reparative
-fibrous cartilage forms with fibroblasts and osteoblasts
-callous forms
-ossification: Space is bone is bridged and fracture ends are united
Remodeling
-Bone consolidation w/ final remodeling
-Healing is complete
Fracture: Emergency Care
-Assess Airway Bleeding Circulation (Head injury)
-Splint Fracture
-Immobilization
-Maintain body alignment
-Elevate body part (promote venous return and decrease swelling)
-Apply cold pack (only first 24 hrs)
Three Goal For Fracture Treatment
- Reduce
- Immobilize
- Restore
Goal of Fracture: Reduce
Replacing bone fragment in the correct anatomical position
Two ways of reducing a fracture
Closed Reduction
Open Reduction
Closed Reduction
Non-surgical manual realignment of bone fragments
Local Anesthesia
(preferred because we do not have to open the patient)
Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)
Realignment of bone fragments on the inside
Often coupled with internal fixation
What is the next step after reduction?
Immobilization
What is the purpose of immobliaztion?
To hold broken bones together (or close approximation) until healing takes place
Immobilization: External
Cast
Splint
Brace
Traction
External Fixators
Immobilization: Internal Devices
Plates
Screws
Nails
Pins
With/without bone grafts
