Neuro Labs & Dx (Exam 4)

Question 1

What is a skull PET scan? (positron emission tomography)

Answer 1

Type of nuclear medicine procedure

Small amount of radioactive substance is used (RADIOTRACER)

Question 2

What does a PET scan evaluate?

Answer 2

Metabolism of an organ (physiology)

(usually brain or heart)

Question 3

What is a Carotid Duplex?

Answer 3

Combined ultrasound and pulsed doppler technology

Question 4

What is one test that is done for people at risk / who might have had an stroke?

Answer 4

Carotid Duplex

Question 5

Carotid Duplex: Technique

Answer 5

Probe placed over carotid artery

Slowly moved along course of common carotid artery

Frequency of U/S corresponds to blood velocity

Question 6

Carotid Duplex: Increase velocity =

Answer 6

Stenosis (if carotid artery is narrow it is going to have an increase is velocity)

Question 7

Carotid Duplex are for

Answer 7

People who are at risk for or might have had an stroke

CVA

Question 8

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 8

Measures brain’s electrical activity

Question 9

EEG is used to assess for

Answer 9

Presence and types of seizures

Question 10

If a patient is going for EEG we should

Answer 10

Hold stimulants for 8 hours

Question 11

Electroencephalogram: Procedure

Answer 11

Clean scalp

Apply electrodes (16-25)

Bedside or EEG lab

Lasts 20-40 minutes

Question 12

Epilepsy Monitoring Units

Answer 12

For diagnosis and pinpointing seizure activity and origin

Combines video and EEG recordings of seizure activity

We want them to have seizures (we need information about it) (take them off their medications)

Question 13

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer 13

Assess nerve innervations

Question 14

What patients might have a Electromyography done?

Answer 14

ALS
or
MG

Question 15

Electromyography: Teaching

Answer 15

Slight discomfort with needle insertion

Question 16

Myelogram vs Lumbar Puncture

Answer 16

Myelogram:
-X-ray of spinal cord after injection of contrast medium into subarachnoid space for imaging purposes

LP:
-Spinal tap is performed to obtain CSF

Question 17

Lumbar Puncture: Pre-Procedure

Answer 17

Patient Education:
-empty bladder
-will be placed in lateral recumbent position in fetal position
-placed on tilt table

Have consent form signed

Question 18

Lumbar Puncture: Post-Procedure

Answer 18

Patient Positioning:
-May or may not have to lay flat for 1 hour after procedure
-(non evidence to support in bed = less headache)

Monitoring
Spinal Headache

Question 19

How do we treat spinal headaches?

Answer 19

Conservative (initially):
-Bed-rest+analgesics

Moderate / Severe Pain:
-Epidural blood patch
-IV caffeine

Question 20

Electrophysiological Studies

Answer 20

-Nerve Conduction Test

-Measures speed of conduction through a nerve

Question 21

Types of Electrophysiological Studies

Answer 21

Repetitive Nerve Stimulation (RNS) (MG(

Single fiber EMG (MG)

Evoked Potential Test (MS)

Question 22

Repetitive nerve stimulation is done to help diagnose

Answer 22

MG

Question 23

Single fiber EMG is done to help diagnose

Answer 23

MG

Question 24

Evoked potential test is used to help diagnose

Answer 24

MS

Question 25

Evoked potential test

Answer 25

Detection electrodes placed on scalp - neck - back Three Types of Evoked Potential: -Visual -Auditory -Sensory

Question 26

Visual Evoked potential

Answer 26

Sit before a screen in which checkerboard pattern is displayed They are told to identify where the red dot it (most useful indianosing MS)

Question 27

Auditory Evoked potential

Answer 27

Patient hears a series of clicks in each ear

Question 28

Sensory evoked potential

Answer 28

Short electrical impulses are administered to an arm or leg