From Kennedy to Carter

Question 1

What was the main objective of Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress?

Answer 1

To promote social change and prevent the spread of communism in Latin America

Question 2

In which year was the Alliance for Progress launched?

Answer 2

1961

Question 3

How much money did Kennedy promise for the Alliance for Progress?

Answer 3

$20 billion

Question 4

How much of the foreign aid budget did Kennedy allocate to Latin America?

Answer 4

0.18

Question 5

What percentage of the foreign aid budget did Truman and Eisenhower allocate to Latin America?

Answer 5

Truman: 3%, Eisenhower: 9%

Question 6

How much money did Kennedy promise at the OAS meeting for social and economic reforms?

Answer 6

$10 billion

Question 7

How many dictatorships failed between 1956 and 1960 in Latin America?

Answer 7

10 dictatorships

Question 8

What were some successes of the Alliance for Progress in Chile?

Answer 8

Improved education enrollment, 40,000 new houses, land redistribution

Question 9

What percentage of the national budget in Chile was supported by US aid?

Answer 9

0.15

Question 10

What percentage of US aid was tied to US products, which were expensive?

Answer 10

0.6

Question 11

How much of the $20 billion promised for the Alliance for Progress was dispersed by the 1960s?

Answer 11

$4.8 billion

Question 12

What was one of the failures of the Alliance for Progress?

Answer 12

Resistance from the rich and powerful who opposed reducing inequality

Question 13

What did Kennedy oppose in Honduras, and why?

Answer 13

Land reforms, as the land benefited United Fruit, a US company

Question 14

What action did Kennedy take to overthrow Goulart in Brazil?

Answer 14

Spent $5 million

Question 15

When was the Peace Corps active?

Answer 15

1961-1963

Question 16

How many young Americans in the Peace Corps and what is the approval change?

Answer 16

100,000 members; 71% approval

Question 17

How many countries did the Peace Corps send volunteers to between 1961 and 1963?

Answer 17

44 countries

Question 18

What was Johnson’s view on the Alliance for Progress?

Answer 18

He downgraded it, preferring military governments that wouldn’t threaten US investments

Question 19

What event did Johnson support in Brazil in 1964?

Answer 19

A military coup to overthrow Goulart

Question 20

How much economic and military aid did the US provide to Brazil’s new dictator after the 1964 coup?

Answer 20

$1.5 billion

Question 21

How many US troops did Johnson send to the Dominican Republic in 1965?

Answer 21

30,000 troops

Question 22

What was the Johnson Doctrine?

Answer 22

The US would not allow another communist nation in Latin America

Question 24

What did Nixon do in Chile in 1970 to prevent Allende from gaining power?

Answer 24

Provided $10 million to Allende’s opposition to remove him

Question 25

Who became the president of Chile in 1970?

Answer 25

Salvador Allende

Question 26

What happened in Chile after Allende’s election?

Answer 26

Allende's government became divided, with economic issues and inflation reaching 300% by 1971

Question 27

Who led the coup that overthrew Allende in 1973?

Answer 27

Augusto Pinochet

Question 28

When did Pinochet rule Chile?

Answer 28

1973-1990

Question 29

What was Operation Condor, and when was it launched?

Answer 29

A covert operation by Latin American dictatorships to eliminate socialist threats, launched in 1975

Question 30

How many people were killed or disappeared during Operation Condor?

Answer 30

50000

Question 31

What was Carter’s stance on human rights during his presidency?

Answer 31

He was committed to advocating for human rights

Question 32

What inconsistency in Carter's human rights stance was observed?

Answer 32

He supported repressive governments in Haiti and Iran for anti-communist reasons

Question 33

How many Cuban refugees did Carter allow to enter the US in 1980?

Answer 33

100,000 Cubans

Question 34

What did Carter do to improve relations with Panama?

Answer 34

Signed two treaties that allowed Panama to control the Canal Zone by 1999

Question 35

When did the Somoza family begin its dictatorship in Nicaragua?

Answer 35

1936

Question 36

What did Anastasio Somoza do with foreign aid after the 1972 earthquake?

Answer 36

Stole $500 million in foreign aid

Question 37

What group overthrew Somoza in 1979?

Answer 37

The FSLN (Sandinista National Liberation Front)

Question 38

What did Carter do in response to Somoza’s human rights abuses?

Answer 38

Pulled US aid to Somoza

Question 39

What was Carter's response to the rise of the FSLN in Nicaragua?

Answer 39

He provided $80 million in aid to improve relations, but became concerned about anti-US sentiment